Musculoskeletal disorders

Inflammatory disorder affecting small joints in the hands and feet. Can result is morning stiffness, visible swelling of the hands, and stiffness may decrease with activity. Diagnosed by the presence of blood rheumatoid factor and radiographic changes.

RA (rheumatoid arthritis)

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Form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in one or more joints, mostly the big toe. Characterized by uric-acid crystals.

Gout

A condition in which bone tissue becomes inflamed due to infection.

Osteomyelitis

A condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal, but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. T score between -1.0 to -2.5

Osteopenia

Condition were the sciatic nerve passes through the piriformis muscle.

Define piriformis syndrome.

A type of arthritis characterized by the formation of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in and around one or more joints, leading to inflammation and pain.

Pseudogout

3 bony landmarks to measure Q-angle.

ASIS, midpoint of patella, tibial tubercule

Stress fracture/defect of vertebrae

Spondylolysis

Slippage of one vertebrae over the other.

Spondylolisthesis

A patient post total hip arthroplasty (posterolateral approach) has been instructed to wear a knee immobilizer due to the surgeon’s concern that the patient is a high risk for hip dislocation. Which of the following rationales for the use of a knee immobilizer is the MOST plausible to address the surgeon’s concern?

1. It serves as a constant reminder to the patient that the hip is susceptible to injury

2. It reduces hip flexion by maintaining knee extension

3. It facilitates quadriceps contraction during weight bearing activities

4. It limits post-operative edema and promotes lower extremity stability

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Metabolic bone disorder were bone resorption occurs faster than bone formation. Patients may complain of thoracic or lumbar pain and experience compression fx of the vertebrae. T score is less than -2.5

Osteoporosis

Higher incidence in women than men. Muscle atrophy noted in the abductor pollicis brevis and later thenar muscles. Increased activity of the wrist and hand results in symptoms increase. Tinel sign and phalen test can be used to confirm diagnosis.

Carpel tunnel syndrome

A physical therapist assistant suspects that a patient’s upper extremity range of motion limitation may be the result of a fear-based psychological response. Which of the following examination findings would be MOST consistent with the assistant’s hypothesis?

Limited active ROM, with less effort and weakness

Which movements are contraindicated for patients with osteoporosis?

Flexion and rotation. Along with high impact activities

Painful co edition that affects the area just below the kneecap. Common in adolescents going through growth spurts, especially those active in sports.

Osgood-schlatters disease (OSD)

Patellofemoral joint compressive forces are greatest during which of the following exercises?

1. Climbing stairs

2. Quad sets

3. Full squat

4. Knee extension

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