Studied by 1 person
What does the Pneumonic SaiNTS stand for?
Four major treaties (other than ToV)
Saint Germain (with Austria)
Neuilly (with Bulgaria)
Trianon (with Hungary)
Sevres (with Turkey)
When was ToV signed
28 june 1919
How many pages and articles in the ToV?
240 pages, 440 articles
Which Article forbid Germany from combining Austraia
80, this was ignored by hitler when Anchluss occured
What was Gemranys army and navy reduced to by ToV?
100,000 and navy to 15,000
Which article of the ToV is the war guilt clause
Article 231
When was Mussolinis March on Rome + what was his movement called
October 1922, League of Combatants
Which Russian secret police started forced labour camps, and how many died.
The OPGU (1923) - 18 Million imprisoned, 1.7 million died.
When did Hideki Tojo become dictator
1941
When was the Kapp Putsch and who led it?
March 1920, Wolfgang Kapp - mutiny against gov.
How many political assassinations were there during the Weimar republic?
350 political assassinations
When did Hitler become leader of the NSDAP
1921
What date did the German Reparations Committee announce failure to deliver coal/timber supplies.
26th Dec 1922 —> French/belgium occupation of Ruhr.
How many marks were in circulation by 1923
663 billion marks by 1923
When was the Munich Beer Hall Putsch
how many died?
November 9th 1923 - attempt by hitler to overthrow the Bavarian Gov.
16 Nazis, 4 police
When are the ss FORMED - role
Hitler’s personal guards, Black shirts, 1925
NSDAP membership from 1928-1929
Party membership grew from 100,000 Oct 1928, to 150,000 a year later.
In 1928 how many were unemployed/seat —> jan 1933
May 1928: 650,000 unemployed, Nazi had 12 seats → Jan 1933: 6,100,000 unemployed, Nazi had 288 seats.
When does the NSDAP become the largest party.
July 1932, with 37.27% of vote
When was Hitler made chancellor.
30th Jan 1933
when was the Reichstag fire
27th February 1933
When was the enabling act passed and by how many votes
23rd March 1933
Passed by 444 votes to 94
gestapo also established in march 1933
Which Law effectively banned communism, allowing hitler to conduct raids.
Law for the Seizure of Communist Assests (may 1933)
which law prevented old politicans from making new parties and coming back?
Law against the establishment of aprties (July 1933)
When was the night of long knives + SA size
30 june 1934 - 2 july 1934 (SA has 3 million men)
When does hindenburg die?
August 2nd 1934
When was Japans invasion of manchuria (year)
1931-1932
what years was Italy’s invasion of Abyssinia
1935-1936.
When is reich chamber of culture established
1933
How strong was the gestapo in 1937
In 1937, has 7000 employees but there are 6 million people
When was Night of Broken Glas (Kristallnacht)
8-11 november 1938
law for encouragement of marriage rewards
1000 reichsmark loan, each kid = don’t need to pay 25%
How many Hitler youth in 1928
By 1928, about 8 million young germand in nazi youth
Successes of league:
K-ellog briand pact (23 nations outlwa war
A-ustria + hungrary aid
B-Bulgaria - prevent greece from invadingA
A-aland islands - stop sweeden and finland conflict
Mousul - Turks dont gqt it from iraq
When do Bolsheviks storm winter palace
25 October 1917
Decree on Peace and Land published
ends war - 26 Oct 1917
Date the ‘‘Supreme Council of National Economy’ was established.
VSNKh 15 December 1917
The treaty of Brest-Litovsk
March 3rd 1918
How much population Russia lost to treaty of Brest-Litovsk
34% of its population —> 32% of arable land. 54% industrial centres.
Cheka executions during the civil war number
140 000
Party membership stats from civil war
Of all members of the Bolshevik Party in 1927, 33% joined between 1917 and 1920, with only 1 percent joining before 1917.
When was NEP introduced, who created it
March 1921 , GOSPLAN
Deaths during civil war total
10 million people died during the civil war due to fighting, disease and famine
What organisation was created for Russia censorship and when
In 1922, the ‘Main Administration for Literacy and Publication Affairs” or GLAVLIT
stats in 1921 on party membership geographical distribution
By 1921, over 80% of the population was living in the countryside but 90% of Party members lived in towns/cities
Lenin’s Date of death
21 January 1924
Group that worked against trotsky from 1923-25
The Triumvirate (troiko) —> stalin, zinoviev and kamenev
Also the seven which formed in 1924
When did Trostky resign as commissar of war
January 1925 — removed from Politburo in December 1925
When are Zinoviev and Kaemenev removed form Politburo
Zinoviev June 1926, Kamenev Oct 1926
When did Stalin become General Secretary
April 1922
Quote on collectivisation
“Collectivisation was driven less by economic motives than by the mistrust of the peasanty” - Orlando Figes
Famine deaths in 1932 Russia
By 1932, suggested deaths between 4.6-8.5 million
Summary of 5YPS and dates
1st - 1928-33 - focus on heavy industry
2nd - 1933-38 - continues heavy industry but more area
3rd - 1938-41 - consumer goods but actually military
When were Kirov decrees implemented in Russia
(March 1935 after the December 1934 assassination of Sergei Kirov
Turning points during WW2
Battle of Brtain 1940
Surival of Moscow 1941
El Alamin 1942
Stalingrad 1943
When was Munich conference
On 28 September 1938 —> Hitler says he won’t invade whole of cZECH OR FIGHT britain (lies/appeasement)
When does hitler invades the rest of Czechoslovakia.
15 March 1939
When was Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact signed
23/24 august 1939
When is ww2 declared
3rd Sept 1939
Gemrany invaded poland on the 1st
Statges of germany pre ww2 strategy
1935- remilitarisation
1936- rhineland
1937- anti-comitern pact w Italy and Japan
1938 - anchluss.
When was the battle of britain and the blitz
Battle of Britain → June - October 1940
Aim: German attempt to defeat the RAF and establish air superiority prior to invasion of Britain
Result: British victory put an end to German invasion plans
The Blitz → September 1940 - May 1941
Aim: German attack switched to Britain Cities in order to damage both economy and morale
Result: Great damage and loss of life but morale was sustained and Britain remained undefeated. German attention turned to the USSR.
Battle of Britain alst day
Sept 15 1940
Civilian loses for britain after BoB
43000
When was the bombing of dresden, how many civillians killed
1945, 150 000 civilians dead
How many britihs kids evacuated during WW2
1.5 million in sep 1939
1939 meat rationing britain
115g bacon per person/fortnite
How many women entere the british workforced during WW2
2 million
by 1944, 94% women involved in war effort
When did german women start working in ww2
After 1943, “The womens labour service” act meant compulsory ag service
German meat ration 1939
750 g per week.
When did germany start total war
1942
How many soviet women worked in ww2
>500,000 fought in wars
15 million workers in 1945
When did soviet union implement total war
1941
Jews in Poland example
3 million jews
nov 1939 compu;sory to wear star
by 1939 no countries accepting jews
When was final solution created
31 july 1941
treblinka stats
Treblinka - Jul 1942-Nov 1943 → approx. 1 million deaths - approx. 60 survivors
How many deaths at auschwitz
8,000. bodies a day - 1.1-1.5 million deaths
When was D-Day
6 JUNE 1944
How many men landed first day of d-DAY
150 000
When did Hitler kill himself
30 April 1945
Apartheid war which made nationwide pass law
Abolition of Passes & Coordination of Documents Act (1952)
When did the National Party gain control - SA
1948
Apartheid Law that first restricted African ownership of land
1913 Native Lands Act
Which Apartheid law meand blacks stay in their townships unless working for whites in cities
1923 Urban Areas act
Apartheid law that banned interracial marriages
1949 Prohibiton of Mixed Marriages Act
Apartheid act that divided SA towns and cities based on racial lines, enforcing segregation
1951 Group areas act
Apartheid law that forces education to be taught half in Afrikaans
1953 Bantu education act
act that legalised segregation in public
1953 Seperate Amenties Act
When was ANC established
intiially SANNC in 1912, ANC in 1945
When did ANC release freedom charter
1955
When was PAC formed
1959
sharpville massacre
march 1960
When was the MK formed
1961
Rivonia trial
october 1963
Soweto uprising
1976
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Flashcard (30)