BCH Week 1 - Lec 4 - Acids and Bases

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9 Terms

1
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what type of bonds do water molecules form with one another? what are the characteristics?

  • water molecules form hydrogen bonds with one another

  • each water molecule can bond with 4 others, creating a lattice structure, and is why water is so fluid

2
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what is the chemical structure of water, and what bonds keep the atoms together?

  • H-O-H

  • held together by polar covalent bonds - excellent solvent for polar solutes

<ul><li><p>H-O-H</p></li><li><p>held together by polar covalent bonds - excellent solvent for polar solutes</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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water is the main ____ in the body

  • water is the main solvent in the body

    • a solution is a solute dissolved in a solvent

    • solvent surrounds solute → forms a solvation shell

4
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what is water good at dissolving? and what is solubility?

  • water is good at dissolving polar (hydrophilic) molecules because “like dissolves like”, and is poor with non-polar (hydrophobic)

  • solubility refers to the ease with which a solute dissolves

5
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describe the dissociation of water

  • in very small amounts, water undergoes auto ionization and dissociates into H+ and OH-

  • in pure water, the concentration of H+ is 1×10^-7 M

H2O < — > OH- + H+

6
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what is pH? what is the pH of water? what does it mean when the pH is less or more than the pH of water?

  • pH is a log scale used to. measure the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution

    • pH = -log [H+]

  • pH of pure water is 7 - equal [OH-] and [H+]

    • every unit lower than 7 = 10 fold increase in H+ ion number

    • every unit greater than 7 = 10 fold decrease in H+ ion number

<ul><li><p>pH is a log scale used to. measure the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution</p><ul><li><p>pH = -log [H+]</p></li></ul></li><li><p>pH of pure water is 7 - equal [OH-] and [H+]</p><ul><li><p>every unit lower than 7 = 10 fold increase in H+ ion number</p></li><li><p>every unit greater than 7 = 10 fold decrease in H+ ion number</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
7
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what are acids and bases?

molecules that can donate a proton are acids, and those that can accept them are bases

<p>molecules that can donate a proton are acids, and those that can accept them are bases</p>
8
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strong acids - how do they behave in water? what happens to the pH when when added to a solution?

  • strong acids ionize completely in water and donate their H⁺

  • i.e. HCl —> Cl- + H⁺

  • adding a strong acid to solution increases H⁺ concentration, causing pH to decrease

9
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strong bases - how do they behave in water? what happens to the pH when when added to a solution?

  • strong bases also ionize completely in water and donate their OH⁻

  • adding a strong base to solution increases OH⁻ concentration, causing pH to increase