Psychology 220- Chapter 1: The Science of Human Development

What are the 3 Developmental Domains?

physical, cognitive, psychosocial

What is the time period when certain things must occur for normal development?

critical period

What is the time period where particular development occurs most easily?

sensitive period

0 to 2 years is…

infancy

2 to 6 years is…

early childhood

6 to 11 years is…

middle childhood

11 to 18 years is…

adolescence

18 to 25 years is…

emerging adulthood

25 to 65 years is…

adulthood

65 years and older is…

late adulthood

Gene performance and expression is?

epigenetics

Where you learned WHAT is apart of what developmental stage (socioeconomic)?

multi-contexual

Income, neighborhood, occupation, education are apart of what status?

socioeconomic status

Social construction is a part of what stage of development (think religion, the “South,” etc?

multi-cultural

What is the term used when describing the “moldable” or “changeable” part of someone’s development?

plastic

Theory that proposes unconscious memories have an influence on behavior.

psychoanalytic theory

Scientist who was considered the first psychoanalyst and suggested that early conflict resolution determines personality patterns. Believed psychoanalytical theory. (1856-1939)

Freud

Scientist who proposed eight developmental stages, building off of Freud’s theory. Believed psychoanalytical theory. (1902-1994)

Erik Erikson

Theory that suggests behavior can be explained through observed and measurable things.

behaviorism theory

Type of learning where an organism responds in a particular way to neutral stimulus that normally does not normally respond like that. Proposed by John B. Watson.

classical conditioning theory

Form of learning where a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on positive or negative consequences. Proposed by B. F. Skinner.

operant conditioning

Idea where people learn through observing behavior of another person, proposed by Albert Bandura.

social learning

Theory that emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture. Proposed by Vygotsky.

sociocultural theory

Theory that focuses on processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world.

cognitive theory

Someone who said cognitive development occurs in four major-age related stages.

Jean Piaget

Theory that seeks to identify behavior in today’s humans that is a result of genetic inheritance from our ancestors (think Charles Darwin).

evolutionary theory

What order does the scientific method go in?

questions, formulating a hypothesis, research, data analysis, replication

What determines the strength of a relationship between two factors, ranging from +1.0 to -1.0.

correlation coefficient

What are the 4 factors of an experiment?

independent and dependent variable and experimental and group

Type of research that follows a group of people for a long period of time (typically years or months).

longitudinal research

Type of research that takes data from different age groups at the same time.

cross-sectional

Type of research that combines two research methods, following different age groups for long periods of time.

cross-sequential