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All the Case Study details that you will need for the GCSE AQA Geography. Please do check that your school covers these case studies.
State one feature of Rio that is of regional importance
The rapid growth from the last 50 years
State one feature of Rio that is of national importance
Rio is the cultural capital of Brazil
State one feature of Rio that is of international importance
Hosted the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 olympics
Give two reasons for Rio’s growth
Natural increases and migration
What percent of urban growth is due to migration?
65%
Give two social opportunities presented in Rio. Give four stats, two for Rio comparing to the whole of Brazil
Life expectancy in Rio de Janeiro is at 77. Compared to Brazil’s 73, due to improved health care. 95% of the population has mains water supply in Rio compared to only 65% of the rural population.
Give two economic opportunities presented in RIo
Rio is the top visitor destination in South America, and Rio is a major centre for banking, finance and insurance.
Give 3 social challenges presented in Rio
Only half of all children continue their education beyond 14, 37% of water is lost through leaky pipes and illegal access, and city wide black outs are frequent due to electricity shortage
Give 3 economic challenges presented in Rio
Unemployment rates in favelas are over 20%, Average incomes are less than £75 a month and about 1/3 of Rio’s workers don’t have a formal contract, so don’t pay tax.
Give 3 environmental challenges presented in Rio
Air pollution estimated to cause 5000 deaths per year, Guanabara bay is heavily polluted and waste dumped in the water system causing cholera.
What is the Favela Bairro Project?
A site and service scheme where the local authority provides land and services for residents to build homes
Name three improvements that were made in Favela Bairro
A pacifying police unit (UPP) set up reducing crime, paved and formally named roads and hillsides secured to prevent landslides.
Name three problems that still remained after the Favela Bairro Project
Lack of maintenance for the new infrastructure, rents rise in improved favelas and more training needed to improve literacy and employment
Give two reasons why the Favela Bairro Project could be seen as successful
Quality of life, mobility and employment prospects improved in the favelas, and recognised by the UN as a model to be used in other Brazilian cities.
Give two reasons why Bristol is important to the UK
It has two universities and is culture and entertainment filled
Give two reasons why Bristol is important internationally
50 countries represented in Bristol’s population and it links to Europe via ferry and the USA via airport
Give two positives of national and international migration on Bristol.
It enriches the city’s cultural life and helps to balance the aging population.
Give two negatives of national and international migration on Bristol.
Pressures on housing and employment and the challenge of providing an education for children whose first language is not English.
Give two social opportunities presented in Bristol
More people under 16 than of pensionable age, and has two professional football teams and a rugby union team
Give two economic opportunities presented in Bristol
Aardman animations (creators of Wallace and Gromit) was founded there, and ministry of procurement agency was established there, increasing employment rates
Give two environmental opportunities presented in Bristol
Every primary pupil planted a tree to create more green space, and 90% of population live within 350m of parkland or waterways
Give two social problems presented within Bristol
Over 1300 crimes a year and life expectancy of 78 years
Give two environmental problems within Bristol
Derelict industrial buildings and new housing developments in rural areas
Give two reasons for the Temple Quarter Regeneration
Very run down and poor first impression of city was poor
What were the three main features of the Temple Quarter Regeneration
Enterprise Zone Status, improved access in and around Bristol and New bridge across the River Avon
What is Enterprise zone status (think Temple Quarter Regeneration)
The offering of a range of incentives to businesses to move to the area, encouraging economic growth
What does the new bridge in Bristol give access to?
The new Bristol Arena
What is Freiburg?
An urban sustainable city in Germany
Give one way in which waste is managed sustainably in Freiburg
A biogas digester for organic good and garden waste is collected weekly
Give one sustainable energy source in Germany
Solar panels producing 10million kilowatts of electricity per year
Give one way that Freiburg manages water conservation
Compulsory roof gardens
Give one way that Freiburg creates green space
40% of the city is forested
Give three urban transport schemes in Freiburg
Low fares on public transport, a vast tram network and reduction of car use.
Give three urban transport schemes in Freiburg
Restriction on vehicle use, limiting car sales and expansion of public transport system
How does tourism contribute to Jamaica’s economy?
Contributed 24% of Jamaica’s GDP and brings an income of US$2 billion each year
How does tourism contribute to Jamaica’s infrastructure?
Increased investment on the north coast but some parts of the island remain isolated
How has tourism in Jamaica contributed to their quality of life?
On the Northern tourist areas of Montego Bay and Ocho Rio’s, QOL and SOL is high, but large numbers of people live nearby with very poor QOL and SOL
How has tourism affected the environment in Jamaica
Excessive waste and harmful emissions, but increased investment in landscaping and conservation.
How has tourism affected employment in Jamaica?
Provides 200,000 jobs (directly and indirectly) and employees can learn new skills to be shared
Give two ways in which Nigeria is important in Africa
Has huge potential to help lead the way in the development of the whole continent, and had the highest GDP in 2022
Give two ways that Nigeria is important globally
Has the highest GDP growth from 2010-2015, and ranks as the fifth largest contributor to UN peacekeeping around the world.
Give a short summary of the political context of Nigeria
Exploited and enslaved by European countries
Gained independence in 1960
Following this was a series of dictatorships and a civil war
Stable government since 1999
Give a short summary of the social context in Nigeria
multiethnic and multi-faith country
Civil war was ethnic based
Economic inequality between north and south creates tensions, affected economic growth
Give a short summary of the cultural context in Nigeria
rich and varied culture
Nigerian music enjoyed worldwide
Nigerian cinema (Nollywood)= second largest film industry in the world
Nigerian football team won the African Cup of Nations 3 times
Give a short summary of the environmental context of Nigeria
natural environment form a series of bands
Sahel and Sahara Desert in the North
Pests and disease affect parts of Nigeria
Deforestation 14% loss
Oil industry caused degradation
How has the agriculture/primary sector changed from 1999-2012 in Nigeria?
It had decreased over time from around 3 quarters to 1 third.
How has the industry/secondary sector changed from 1999-2012 in Nigeria?
It has increased from around one eight to one third
How has the service/tertiary sector changed from 1999-2012 in Nigeria
It has increased from around one sixth to one third
What is a TNC (Transnational Corperation)
A large company which operates in several countries
Give three benefits of Shell Oil on Nigeria
makes major contributions in taxes and revenue
Provides 65,000 jobs directly
Gives 91% of Shell contracts to Nigerian companies
Give two negatives of Shell Oil on Nigeria
Oil spills cause water pollution and soil degradation.
Frequent oil spills send toxic fumes into the air
Oil theft and sabotage reduce production levels
What are the main products which Nigeria exports?
Crude oil, natural gas, rubber, cocoa and cotton
Who did Nigeria mainly trade with following independence?
The UK
Who does Nigeria trade with now?
A variety of countries in the EU as well as the largest economies of the USA, China and India
Name the 5 big groups which Nigeria are a part of
African Union, CEN-SAD, ECOWAS, OPEC and the UN
Which two groups that Nigeria are a part of promote collective self-efficiency and economic unity?
CEN-SAD and ECOWAS
What is the objective of the group OPEC?
To stabilise the price of oil
What percentage of aid given to African countries does Nigeria receive?
4%
The UK Department of International Development has funded a ______________ programme
Health and HIV programme
The USAID-funded community care in Nigeria project provides support packages for ____________________
Orphans and vulnerable children
Why has official aid to Nigeria delivered through the government been less successful than aid delivered directly to communities?
Due to corruption
Name four environmental problems caused by rapid and unregulated growth in Nigeria
harmful pollutants go directly into open drains and water channels
Chemical waste disposed of on nearby land
70-80% of Nigeria’s forests destroyed
Desertification
Despite clear improvements many people in Nigeria are still poor. Name 3 services they still have limited access to.
Safe water, sanitation and reliable electricity
What does Nigeria have an over dependence on?
Oil, which could become an issue in the future
Why is the gap between rich and poor people becoming wider in Nigeria?
Due to corruption and because oil wealth has not been used effectively.
What is Torr quarry?
One of eight limestone quarries on the Mendip Hills
On estimate, how much does Torr Quarry contribute to the local economy each year?
£15 million
How is Torr Quarry being made more sustainable?
The quarry is being restored to create wildlife lakes. And they monitor noise, vibration, airborne emissions and water quality
What has lesser impact on the environment: Deepening Torr quarry or widening it?
Deepening, as it means that the surrounding countryside are not destroyed.
Why are airports important to the economy of the UK?
They create global links, provide jobs and boost economic growth
Give two reasons why Heathrow airport should expand
increase air port capacity
Provide 77,000 new jobs
Give two reasons why Heathrow airport should NOT expand
noise and air pollution
Village of Longford destroyed
What is an alternative to creating a new runway at Heathrow airport?
Increasing the length of existing runways or continue to work at full capacity.
What are the plans at Liverpool2?
A new deep water quay on the River Mersey created, to cost £300 million.
Give three benefits of Liverpool2.
Creating 5000 jobs
Boosting economy of North West
Double the ports capacity
What is the SW super highway project?
A £2 billion road widening project, making the entire road dual carriage ways.
Give two advantages of SW Super Highway
Creates jobs and cuts traffic congestion
Give two disadvantages of SW Super Highway
Destruction of habitat and increased car use
What is HS2?
A high speed rail to connect London with Birmingham
State 3 potential benefits of HS2
Reduce pressure from existing infrastructure, reducing journey times and reducing the north south divide (maybe)
State 4 downsides of HS2
More likely to encourage jobs in London, Extremely expensive, destruction of habitats and villages and increased carbon emissions.
What is the name and purpose of the project started in 2004 in Peru?
Camisea project used to exploit natural gas from the Amazon.
Give three benefits of the Camisea Project.
could save Peru up to 4 billion US dollars in energy costs.
Could bring Peru 34 billion US dollars over the span of the project.
Provides employment opportunities.
Give three disadvantages of the Camisea Project.
causes deforestation, decreasing biodiversity.
Could impact the lives of several indigenous tribes.
Clearing of routes for pipelines leads to landslides and pollution.
What is the name of the isolated community in the Andes Mountains of Peru that we have studied?
Chambamontera
What is the sustainable energy scheme in Chambamontera, Peru?
The construction of a micro-hydro scheme supported by the charity Practical Action.
Why was the sustainable energy scheme in Chambamontera needed?
As development has been restricted due to lack of heat, light and power.
Give two economic benefits of the scheme in Chambamontera.
Reduction in rural to urban migration
Business development is possible
Give two environmental benefits of the scheme in Chambamontera.
Regulated flow has reduced risk of flooding.
Reduced deforestation due to reduced need to burn wood as a source of heat.
Give two social benefits of the scheme in Chambamontera.
improved health care due to refrigeration for the storage of medicines.
Improved education due to the access to light and potential internet.
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