Morphology of Flowering Plants

dicotyledonous plants

In the majority of the ________, the direct elongation of the radicle leads to the formation of a primary root which grows inside the soil.

Phyllotaxy

________ is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch.

Calotropis

When sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping, as in ________, it is said to be valvate.

photosynthesis

Leaves are often modified to perform functions other than ________.

monocotyledonous plants

In ________, the primary root is short- lived and is replaced by a large number of roots that originate from the base of the stem and constitute the fibrous root system.

Chrysanthemum

In banana, pineapple and ________, the lateral branches originate from the basal and underground portion of the main stem, grow horizontally beneath the soil and then come out obliquely upward giving rise to leafy shoots.

fruit

The ________ is a characteristic feature of flowering plants.

Alstonia

If more than two leaves arise at a node and form a whorl, it is called whorled, as in ________.

margins of sepals

If the ________ or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction as in Cassia and Gulmohar, the aestivation is called imbricate.

shield shaped cotyledon

It consists of one large and ________ known as scutellum and a short axis with a plumule and a radicle.

Corolla

________ is composed of petals.

epidermal cells

The ________ form very fine and delicate, thread- like structures called root hairs from this region which absorb water and minerals from the soil.

successive nodes

The apex produces different kinds of floral appendages laterally at ________ instead of leaves.

hilum

The ________ is a scar on the seed coat through which the developing seeds were attached to the fruit.

fertilisation

After ________, the ovules develop into seeds and the ovary matures into a fruit.

green expanded part

The lamina or the leaf blade is the ________ of the leaf with veins and veinlets.

sterile stamen

A(n) ________ is called a staminode.

monocotyledons

In ________, the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly.

Roots

________ in some plants change their shape and structure and become modified to perform functions other than absorption and conduction of water and minerals.

pericarp

When the ________ is thick and fleshy, it is differentiated into the outer epicarp, the middle mesocarp and the inner endocarp.

placenta

When the ________ is axial and the ovules are attached to it in a multilocular ovary, the placentation is said to be axile, as in== china rose, tomato and lemon.

mango

In ________ and coconut, the fruit is known as a drupe.

similar halves

A flower is asymmetric (irregular) if it can not be divided into two ________ by any vertical plane passing through the centre, as in canna.

gynoecium

The ________ is the female reproductive part of the flower and is made up of one or more carpels.

anther

Each ________ is usually bilobed and each lobe has two chambers, the pollen- sacs.

borne

The leaf is a lateral, generally flattened structure ________ on the stem.

lateral branch

In plants like mint and jasmine, a slender ________ arises from the base of the main axis and after growing aerially for some time arch downwards to touch the ground.

endosperm

The outer covering of the ________ separates the embryo by a== proteinous layer called the aleurone layer.

embryo

The ________ is small and situated in a groove at one end of the endosperm.

androecium

The ________ is composed of stamens.

compound

When the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib breaking it into a number of leaflets, the leaf is called a(n) ________.

shoot apical meristems

Leaves originate from ________ and are arranged in an acropetal order.

plumule

The ________ and radicle are enclosed in sheaths which are called coleoptile and coleorhiza respectively.

flower

When a(n) ________ has both androecium and gynoecium, it is bisexual.

ovary

The ________ is the enlarged basal part, on which lies the elongated tube, the style.

food materials

The cotyledons are often fleshy and full of reserve ________.

sepals

The calyx may be gamosepalous (________ united) or polysepalous (________ free)

arrangement of veins

The ________ and the veinlets in the lamina of the leaf is termed venation.

Veins

________ provide rigidity to the leaf blade and act as channels of transport for water, minerals and food materials.

carpels

They are termed syncarpous when ________ are fused, as in mustard and tomato.

Petals

________ are usually brightly coloured to attract insects for pollination.

arrangement of ovules

The ________ within the ovary is known as placentation.

outermost whorl

The calyx is the ________ of the flower and the members are called sepals.

petiole help

The ________ hold the blade to light.

seeds of cereals

In the ________ such as== maize, the seed coat is membranous and generally fused with the fruit wall.

Calyx

________ and corolla are accessory organs, while androecium and gynoecium are reproductive organs.

mature

It is a(n) ________ or ripened ovary, developed after fertilisation.

cymose type of inflorescence

In the ________ the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth.

Gulmohar

When it can be divided into two similar halves only in one vertical plane, it is zygomorphic, as in pea, ________, bean, and Cassia.

Stem

________ tendrils which develop from axillary buds, are slender and spirally coiled and help plants to climb such as gourds (cucumber, pumpkins, watermelon) and grapevines.

Example

Wheat

Example

Grass, Monstera and Banyan Tree

Example

Citrus, Bougainvillea

A typical leaf consists of three main parts

leaf base, petiole and lamina -

This is usually of three types

alternate, opposite and whorled

Depending on whether the apex gets developed into a flower or continues to grow, two major types of inflorescences are defined

racemose and cymose

Flowers with bracts-reduced leaves found at the base of the pedicel

are called bracteate and those without bracts, ebracteate