Studied by 3 people
What three European countries attempted to gain independence in the early 1800's
belgium, poland, italy
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
elected frances first presedent
What were the two largest "states"of the German republic?
austria and prussia
What year was the French Republic created?
1848
What is the primary reason so many revolutions failed in the mid 1800's
people were divided over goals
4 Factors combine to allow the Industrial Age.
-Adequate Food Supply
why dose brittain get an advantage from trade expainsion
they wernt affected by napoleonic wars and its not part of continental europe
Agricultural Revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
-Better Food and Animals
Spinning Jenny
A machine that could spin several threads at once
Flying Shuttle
was developed by John Kay, its invention was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution, enabled the weaver of a loom to throw the shuttle back and forth between the threads with one hand
what becomes the most popluar clothing material
cotton
cottage system
production of goods within people's homes using hand tools
Why did "cottage industry" come to an end?
Workers are moving into Urban areas
why was the cottage industry stopped
Workers are moving into Urban areas \n Workers no longer need to own their own tools \n Workers no longer control their working hours the factory does. No longer sun up to sun down now working 6am to 8:30pm \n Worked outside of the family home in another area (factory)
henery cort
invents puddling stirs iron ore that makes it more pure
Henry Bessimer
system that shoots air on to iron to turn it into steel
why were the henrys inventions important
factories could move away from water sources
Steam powered locomotive
Richard Trevithick
steam powered ship engine
Robert Fulton
effect of trains advancing
it becomes less expensive to move goods for sale.
social impacts industrail revolution
Massive movement of people creates needs faster than governments can handle.
social effects of industrial revolution
over population, growth of middle class
why did slums start and what are they
badly built houses where multiple families would live too many people not enough housing
working hours industrial revolution
6am -8:30 pm or 3am - 10pm
safety issues in jobs
Mines are not vented properly causing breathing issues
Factory Act of 1833
minimum age to work is 9 and limited work hours
in what ways did the middle class grow
they are now town merchant but also lawyers, doctors, teachers (males) and small businesses.
what leads to the idea of socialism
anger towards the rich people Working class feel they are being abused so that the wealthy can live well
What was the name of the man who led the Southern colonies of South America to Independence from Spain?
Simón Bolívar
-What was the name of the man who led the Northern colonies of South America to Independence from Spain?
San Martín
-What was the South American colony san martin and blovair both help to gain independence?
peru
What scientific theory did Charles Darwin discover?
survival of the fittest
What political steps did Great Britain take to ensure stability while the rest of Europe erupted into revolution?
They allowed industrial male workers to have a voice in the goverment making them happy to have a voice, their economy was also strong, and queen vitoria was a great ruler
what factors contributed to england starting the industrial revolution
agrtacultural growth (potatoes) [people could get food cheaper and did not need as much labor
What was the first Latin American colony to gain its independence?
Hati
What was the root cause of political instability in the US during the mid 1800's?
the disagreement of slavery and the civil war
What helped the industrial revolution to grow and spread? (think transportation)
the development of railroads made transportation easier and cheaper so goods could be moved easier thus being cheaper
how did transportation help spread the industrial revolution
\n because goods were cheaper they needed more sales which meant manufacturing and factories would grow
What was the cause of the Crimean war?
long-term struggle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Russia wanted access to the Mediterranean/Black Sea
Who was the leader of German unification in the north?
Otto von Bismarck
Who were the two leaders of the Italian independence movement?
Garibaldi
What were some of the negative unintended consequences of factory work?
Work hours ranged from 12 to 16 hours each day, 6 days per week
What was the effect in Europe of the many French revolts or revolutionary stages?
it inspired other european countries to revolt they saw that change was possible
Why did the new countries in Latin America struggle to remain republics?
but they had no experience in self-rule caudillos came to power
caudillos
a strong leader who ruled chiefly by military force, in latin america
What did Louis Pasture discover?
Bacteria and pasteurization process
What is the Monroe doctrine?
foreign policy doctrine set forth by President Monroe in 1823 that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere
Who was proclaimed the Kaiser of the Second German Empire in 1871?
William I of Prussia
What was the ruling Family of the Austrian Empire?
hausburgs
Romatacism
intellectual movement came from the ideas of the Enlightenment; it stressed feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing
Realism
artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be
Romanticism art
emotion over order; emotional; deeply felt; nature in raw, wild state; awe inspiring, awe
Eugène Delacroix
one of the most famous romantic painters from France
romantatsim painting
painted life as unrealistic, and colorful
Beethoven
ramantasict artist
Sir Walter Scott
British novelist whose romantic vision of a feudal society made him highly popular in the South
Mary shelly
Frankenstein
what did romatatist think of industrialism
thought it would alienate them from the natural world
napoleon 111
Napoleans grandson
why did napolens 3s empire fall
because france lost the franco prussian war
Queen Victoria
British Queen, under whose rule the British empire reached the height of its wealth and power, forced to accept a new, virtually powerless role after the Chartist movement
how did brittian remain stable
By giving the industrial middle class an interest in ruling, Britain avoided revolution and they passed laws to make brittian more stable
Crimiean War
war between russia and ottoman empire and eventually britain and france
Russia wanted the balkans and dardanelles
Affects of the Crimean war
Russia loses
Germany and Italy are unified
Treaty of Paris March 1856
Neutralised the Black Sea of Russian ships
what territories did france have to give to northern germany
alsace and Lorraine
Gustave Flaubert
French author; Madame Bovary---first major realist novel.
Charles Dickens
English writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice (1812-1870)
Gustave Courbet
French painter noted for his realistic depiction of everyday scenes (1819-1877)
José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar
liberators of south america
treaty of london
Belgium is neutral not ruled by dutch anymore
who are the strongest german states
austria and prussia
gauls
wild Celtic barbarians from western Europe hate evryone (causes ww1) become france
slavs
hate germanics largest European ethnolinguistic group Serbians russians romans
germanincs
slavs hate them they hate slafs germans
what happens with italian revolutions
people revolt against austrians in italy but fail not unified for year
Charles Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
charles darwin
came up with idea of survival of the fittest
securalzation
indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration
Romanticism
a movement in the arts and literature emphasizing feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing. and individualism love of nature stayed away from science and math stuff
how does britain avoid political upheaval in europe and lead social and industrial reforms?
parliament got rid of slavery made working conditions better for people
corn law
grains get cheaper(brittian)
Reform Bill of 1832
British legislation extended the vote to most male members of the middle class 50%
other reform bill
lowers property requirement to vote
William Wilberforce
British reformer who led the abolitionist movement that ended the British slave trade in 1807.
Result of Crimean War
Treaty of Paris
hilgado
led revolt in mexico drove out spanish
Unification of Russia
Alexander 2 makes reforms is assassinated and his son undoes reforms
who led the hatian revolution
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Concert of Europe
a series of alliances among European nations
Mexican-American War
Mexico under santa anna losses texis to us, also loses about half of mexico
benito juarez
became the president of Mexico in 1858 and led the way to reform
what was the result of SA keeping power in the elite
the money focus is on cash crops and they become dependent on the west
Note 
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