history

What three European countries attempted to gain independence in the early 1800's

belgium, poland, italy

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte

elected frances first presedent

What were the two largest "states"of the German republic?

austria and prussia

What year was the French Republic created?

1848

What is the primary reason so many revolutions failed in the mid 1800's

people were divided over goals

4 Factors combine to allow the Industrial Age.

-Adequate Food Supply

why dose brittain get an advantage from trade expainsion

they wernt affected by napoleonic wars and its not part of continental europe

Agricultural Revolution

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

-Better Food and Animals

Spinning Jenny

A machine that could spin several threads at once

Flying Shuttle

was developed by John Kay, its invention was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution, enabled the weaver of a loom to throw the shuttle back and forth between the threads with one hand

what becomes the most popluar clothing material

cotton

cottage system

production of goods within people's homes using hand tools

Why did "cottage industry" come to an end?

Workers are moving into Urban areas

why was the cottage industry stopped

Workers are moving into Urban areas \n Workers no longer need to own their own tools \n Workers no longer control their working hours the factory does. No longer sun up to sun down now working 6am to 8:30pm \n Worked outside of the family home in another area (factory)

henery cort

invents puddling stirs iron ore that makes it more pure

Henry Bessimer

system that shoots air on to iron to turn it into steel

why were the henrys inventions important

factories could move away from water sources

Steam powered locomotive

Richard Trevithick

steam powered ship engine

Robert Fulton

effect of trains advancing

it becomes less expensive to move goods for sale.

social impacts industrail revolution

Massive movement of people creates needs faster than governments can handle.

social effects of industrial revolution

over population, growth of middle class

why did slums start and what are they

badly built houses where multiple families would live too many people not enough housing

working hours industrial revolution

6am -8:30 pm or 3am - 10pm

safety issues in jobs

Mines are not vented properly causing breathing issues

Factory Act of 1833

minimum age to work is 9 and limited work hours

in what ways did the middle class grow

they are now town merchant but also lawyers, doctors, teachers (males) and small businesses.

what leads to the idea of socialism

anger towards the rich people Working class feel they are being abused so that the wealthy can live well

What was the name of the man who led the Southern colonies of South America to Independence from Spain?

Simón Bolívar

-What was the name of the man who led the Northern colonies of South America to Independence from Spain?

San Martín

-What was the South American colony san martin and blovair both help to gain independence?

peru

What scientific theory did Charles Darwin discover?

survival of the fittest

What political steps did Great Britain take to ensure stability while the rest of Europe erupted into revolution?

They allowed industrial male workers to have a voice in the goverment making them happy to have a voice, their economy was also strong, and queen vitoria was a great ruler

what factors contributed to england starting the industrial revolution

agrtacultural growth (potatoes) [people could get food cheaper and did not need as much labor

What was the first Latin American colony to gain its independence?

Hati

What was the root cause of political instability in the US during the mid 1800's?

the disagreement of slavery and the civil war

What helped the industrial revolution to grow and spread? (think transportation)

the development of railroads made transportation easier and cheaper so goods could be moved easier thus being cheaper

how did transportation help spread the industrial revolution

\n because goods were cheaper they needed more sales which meant manufacturing and factories would grow

What was the cause of the Crimean war?

long-term struggle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Russia wanted access to the Mediterranean/Black Sea

Who was the leader of German unification in the north?

Otto von Bismarck

Who were the two leaders of the Italian independence movement?

Garibaldi

What were some of the negative unintended consequences of factory work?

Work hours ranged from 12 to 16 hours each day, 6 days per week

What was the effect in Europe of the many French revolts or revolutionary stages?

it inspired other european countries to revolt they saw that change was possible

Why did the new countries in Latin America struggle to remain republics?

but they had no experience in self-rule caudillos came to power

caudillos

a strong leader who ruled chiefly by military force, in latin america

What did Louis Pasture discover?

Bacteria and pasteurization process

What is the Monroe doctrine?

foreign policy doctrine set forth by President Monroe in 1823 that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere

Who was proclaimed the Kaiser of the Second German Empire in 1871?

William I of Prussia

What was the ruling Family of the Austrian Empire?

hausburgs

Romatacism

intellectual movement came from the ideas of the Enlightenment; it stressed feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing

Realism

artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be

Romanticism art

emotion over order; emotional; deeply felt; nature in raw, wild state; awe inspiring, awe

Eugène Delacroix

one of the most famous romantic painters from France

romantatsim painting

painted life as unrealistic, and colorful

Beethoven

ramantasict artist

Sir Walter Scott

British novelist whose romantic vision of a feudal society made him highly popular in the South

Mary shelly

Frankenstein

what did romatatist think of industrialism

thought it would alienate them from the natural world

napoleon 111

Napoleans grandson

why did napolens 3s empire fall

because france lost the franco prussian war

Queen Victoria

British Queen, under whose rule the British empire reached the height of its wealth and power, forced to accept a new, virtually powerless role after the Chartist movement

how did brittian remain stable

By giving the industrial middle class an interest in ruling, Britain avoided revolution and they passed laws to make brittian more stable

Crimiean War

war between russia and ottoman empire and eventually britain and france

Russia wanted the balkans and dardanelles

Affects of the Crimean war

Russia loses

Germany and Italy are unified

\

Treaty of Paris March 1856

Neutralised the Black Sea of Russian ships

what territories did france have to give to northern germany

alsace and Lorraine

Gustave Flaubert

French author; Madame Bovary\---first major realist novel.

Charles Dickens

English writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice (1812-1870)

Gustave Courbet

French painter noted for his realistic depiction of everyday scenes (1819-1877)

José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar

liberators of south america

treaty of london

Belgium is neutral not ruled by dutch anymore

who are the strongest german states

austria and prussia

gauls

wild Celtic barbarians from western Europe hate evryone (causes ww1) become france

slavs

hate germanics largest European ethnolinguistic group Serbians russians romans

germanincs

slavs hate them they hate slafs germans

what happens with italian revolutions

people revolt against austrians in italy but fail not unified for year

Charles Darwin

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

charles darwin

came up with idea of survival of the fittest

securalzation

indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration

Romanticism

a movement in the arts and literature emphasizing feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing. and individualism love of nature stayed away from science and math stuff

how does britain avoid political upheaval in europe and lead social and industrial reforms?

parliament got rid of slavery made working conditions better for people

corn law

grains get cheaper(brittian)

Reform Bill of 1832

British legislation extended the vote to most male members of the middle class 50%

other reform bill

lowers property requirement to vote

William Wilberforce

British reformer who led the abolitionist movement that ended the British slave trade in 1807.

Result of Crimean War

Treaty of Paris

hilgado

led revolt in mexico drove out spanish

Unification of Russia

Alexander 2 makes reforms is assassinated and his son undoes reforms

who led the hatian revolution

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Concert of Europe

a series of alliances among European nations

Mexican-American War

Mexico under santa anna losses texis to us, also loses about half of mexico

benito juarez

became the president of Mexico in 1858 and led the way to reform

what was the result of SA keeping power in the elite

the money focus is on cash crops and they become dependent on the west