United States History Exam 1 16-20

Wave of mergers between 1897 and 1904 - first billion dollar corporation

united states steel

the socialist party achieved what during the early twentieth cenntury

elected over 1000

gained over 150000 members

gained a million votes for presidential candidate eugene v debs

social dwarnisism

state welfare would lead to degeneration by perpetuating the survival of the weakest

why were southeners unable to maintain unity in the peoples party

racial conflict

most seriously damaged the knights of labor

haymarket affair

by 1900 the richest ten percent contrtolled

90 percent of the nations wealth

which most directly explains the boost in production of mccormick reapers

interchangable parts

By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?

one third or more than britain france and germany combined

why did mckinley win over william jennings bryan

mickenly was able to outspend bryan by 5 times in 1896

What did populists propose in the omaha platform

Nationalizing the country's railroad and telegraph systems to ensure that essential services would be run in the best interests of the people

monetizing silver

warehouses federally managed subtreasuries wich would extend loans to farmers

Why did william jennings bryan attack the gold standard

he wanted to increase inflation and lower the burden of farmers debts

the final decades on the 19th centyr saw over _____ strikes and lockouts

20000

Taylorism attempted to use scientific principles to better handle which aspect of business?

industrial production

which group was the most radical

the knights of labor

Which group founded the People's Party (also known as the Populists)?

small farmers in the south midwest and great plains

Homestead act after how many years

5

fronteir thesis

Historian Fredrick Jackson Turner's argument that the continual westward migration into unsettled territory has been the primary force shaping American character and American society

Dawes General Allotment Act

1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots

percent of women rodeoders

10

purpose of western cattle drives

To bring cattle to eastern markets, mostly through railroad hubs

how did president lincoln respind to the sioux uprising

he attempted to commute the sentences of captured native americans to maintain peace

Ghost Dance

A ritual the Sioux performed to bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land.

Popularity of wild west shows

Tapped into anxieties about men losing their masculinity in the "softer" world of factory and office work, Old west seemed uncomplicated morally, and americans belived that native cultures were disappering and wanted to see their songs and dances

What economic oppportunitu drew migrants to the west

acess of land for agriculture

Most practices and objecsts assosiated with the american cowboys were modifgied from

mexican rhanchers

city that served as a hub connecting the west and east

chicago

The Dakota Uprising of 1862 began with what event?

The death of five white settlers at the hands of four young Santee men

How was the transcontinental railroad funded?

Grants and loans from the federal government

what did the United States demand from the comanche leading to the red river war

the united states demanded the comanche lived on government reservations

Which group recieved more land from the government?

Railroad companies

When did the united states begin trading with china

1784

what was the open door policy

A call for all western powers to have equal access to Chinese markets

how did the united states respond to the boxer rebellion in china

president mckingley sent the us army into china without consulting congress

All of the following statements regarding the guano islands act of 1856 are true except

the lesgislation put guano island on a path to statehood that was later rejected

why did president wilson authorize the invasion of veracruz mexico

1. Victoriano huerta executed democratically elected president fransisco madero

2. americans with financial invesments in mexico asked for interventions

3. mexican forces mistakinely arrested american sailors.

Miners`

first group of people to exploit native lands

Boomtown

a community experiencing a sudden growth in business or population.Business owners earned more than miners did

Homestead act of 1862

this allowed a settler to acquire 160 acres by living on it for five years, improving it and paying about $30

Dawes act

An act that removed Indian land from tribal possesion, redivided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families. Designed to break tribal mentalities and promote individualism.

Frederick Jackson Turner

United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history (1861-1951)

Henry W Grady

editor of the Atlanta Constitution, who spearheaded a crusade to build a prosperous "New South" centered around Atlanta

Joseph Pulitzer

United States newspaper publisher (born in Hungary) who established the Pulitzer prizes (1847-1911)

Treaty of paris

(1898) treaty that ended the Spanish-American war. Provided that Cuba be free from Spain. The US paid 20 million for the Philippines

The platt amendment

Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble

Liberty of contract

The freedom of employers and workers to negotiate the employment contract, including wages, hours, duties, and conditions, without government interference.

Munn v. Illinois

1877 Supreme Court decision that allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders

Wabash V illinois

1886 - Stated that individual states could control trade in their states, but could not regulate railroads coming through them. Congress had exclusive jurisdiction over interstate commerce.

EC knight sugar company

The court ruled that the federal government could only regulate trade, not manufacturing

Loewe v. Lawlor

Outlawed the secondary boycott as a violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act, found that individual unionists could be liable for damages

Keating Owen act

Prohibited the sale of interstate commerce goods produced by children

Hamer v. Dagenhart

1918- Regulation of production is left entirely, exclusively to the state, even if producing articles that are going into interstate commerce; So a federal law that prohibits shipments of articles made by child labor, violate 10th amendment (later overruled)

Muller V oregon

1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health

De jure segregation

segregation by law

Plessy v. Ferguson

Separate but equal

Marcus Garvey

African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

Black star line

Shipping line created by Marcus Garvey to get blacks back to Africa.

Eugenics

science dealing with improving hereditary qualities

Sir francis galton

concluded that social statys correlated to superior genetic makeup

Margaret Sanger

United States nurse who campaigned for birth control and planned parenthood. One of the most prominent feminists that promoted eugenics

Compulsive sterilization

Indiana 1907

Progressive goals

1. womens suffrage 2. initiative 3 referendum 4 recall 5 secret ballot 6 anti child labor laws 7 public health reforms 8 direct election of senators

Leon Czolgosz

Killed president McKinley in 1901. He was an anarchist, one who believes in the absence of government.

James B parker

Tackles assasin before he could shoot the president a third time

The square deal

1. Control of corporations 3. consumer protection 4.conservation of natural resources

Northern securities company

A railroad monopoly formed by J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill which violated Sherman Antitrust Act

Muckrackers were

magazine writers who exposed the political and economic evils of the day

Ida Tarbell

A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.

Lincoln steffens

investigated the link between political corruption and business corruption. The shame of the cities

Coal strike of 1902

Strike by the United Coal Workers of America, threatening to shut down the winter coal supply. Theodore Roosevelt intervened federally, and resolved the dispute

Roosevelt corollary

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

law that regulated the food and patent medicine industries. Led to the creation of the FDA. Required manufacturers to list ingredients on products

Federal meat inspection act of 1907

Mandatory ispection of livestock prior to slaughter

Postmortem ispection of carcasses

Sanitary regulatios for slaughterhouses and meatpacking plants