Muscles, synergists, antagonists

Contracts during labored inspiration

diaphragm; external intercostals

Contracts during labored expiration

internal intercostals

Elevates scapula

trapezius; levator scapulae; rhomboid major; rhomboid minor

Depresses scapula

trapezius; pectoralis minor

Adducts/retracts scapula

trapezius; rhomboid major; rhomboid minor

Abducts/protracts scapula

pectoralis minor; serratus anterior

Inferiorly rotates scapula

rhomboid major; rhomboid minor

Superiorly rotates scapula

trapezius; serratus anterior

Flexes arm

pectoralis major; deltoid

Extends arm

latissimus dorsi; deltoid; teres major

Adducts arm

pectoralis major; latissimus dorsi; teres major

Abducts arm

deltoid; supraspinatus

Laterally rotates arm

teres minor; infraspinatus

Medially rotates arm

subscapularis; teres major; pectoralis major; latissimus dorsi

Flexes forearm

biceps brachii; brachialis; brachioradialis

Extends forearm

triceps brachii

Pronates forearm

pronator teres; brachioradialis

Supinates forearm

biceps brachii

Flexes hand

flexor carpi radialis; flexor carpi ulnaris; palmaris longus

Extends hand

extensor carpi radialis longus; extensor carpi radialis brevis; extensor carpi ulnaris

Abducts hand

flexor carpi radialis; extensor carpi radialis longus; extensor carpi radialis brevis

Adducts hand

flexor carpi ulnaris; extensor carpi ulnaris

Flexes digits II–V of the hand

flexor digitorum superficialis; flexor digitorum profundus

Extends digits II–IV of the hand

extensor digitorum

Extends digit V of the hand

extensor digiti minimi

Abducts pollex

abductor pollicis longus

Extends pollex

extensor pollicis longus; extensor pollicis brevis

Flexes thigh

iliacus; psoas major; rectus femoris; sartorius

Extends thigh

gluteus maximus; biceps femoris; semitendinosus; semimembranosus

Laterally rotates thigh

gluteus maximus; piriformis; sartorius

Medially rotates thigh

gluteus medius; gluteus minimus; tensor fasciae latae

Abducts thigh

gluteus medius; gluteus minimus; tensor fasciae latae

Adducts thigh

adductor longus; adductor magnus; gracilis

Flexes leg

biceps femoris; semitendinosus; semimembranosus; sartorius; gastrocnemius

Extends leg

rectus femoris; vastus lateralis; vastus medialis; vastus intermedius

Plantar flexes foot

gastrocnemius; soleus; fibularis longus; fibularis brevis

Dorsiflexes foot

tibialis anterior

Inverts foot

tibialis anterior; tibialis posterior

Everts foot

fibularis longus; fibularis brevis

Extends digits II–V of the foot

extensor digitorum longus

Flexes digits II–V of the foot

flexor digitorum longus

Flexes hallux

flexor hallucis longus