anatomical terminology

standard anatomical position

subject stands upright facing forward with palms facing forward

what are the 3 planes

sagittal, coronal, transverse

this is a cross-section in what plane ?

coronal

this is a cross-section in what plane ?

transverse

this is a cross-section in what plane ?

saggital

cranial

towards head

caudal

towards buttocks

superior

upwards

inferior

downwards

medial

towards middle

lateral

away from middle

proximal

toward trunk

distal

away from trunk - hand is distal to elbow

superficial

towards surface

deep

away from surface

peripheral

away from centre

anterior and ventral refer to…

front of body

posterior and dorsal refer to…

back of body

radial

thumb side

ulnar

little finger side of arm

tibial

near shinbone side

inside of leg

fibular

fibular (outer) side

contralateral

opposite sides of body

ipsilateral

same side of body

flexion

bending

extension

stretching

abduction

movement away from body

adduction

movement toward body

medial rotation

towards body

lateral rotation

away / outward

circumduction

circular motion

elevation and depression

up and down

pronation / inversion

leaning inwards

supination / eversion

leaning outwards

dorsiflexion

ankle bends raising toes upwards

planar flexion

toes down (pointed)

retrusion

backward

protrusion

forward / outward

where is the dorsal cavity and what are the 2 subdivisions ?

back of body

cranial and spinal

where is the ventral cavity and what are the 2 main subdivisions ?

front of body - thoracic and abdominopelvic

the thoracic cavity can be further divided into…

mediastinum and pleural cavities

the pleural cavities hold the…

lungs

the mediastinum holds the…

oesophagus, trachea and pericardial cavity

the heart and great vessels lay in what cavity ?

pericardial