TTU PEFOUND Review

Energy balance

Balance between calorie intake and calorie expenditure.

biomechanics

Branch of kinesiology that uses principles of physics to help us understand the human body in motion.

calisthenics

Exercises done using all or part of the body weight as resistance.

cool-down

Activity performed after a workout to help you recover.

dietitian

Expert in nutrition who helps people apply principles of nutrition in daily life; has a college degree and certification by a reputable national organization.

dynamic warm-up

Dynamic movement exercises that increase body temperature and get muscles ready for more vigorous exercise; can serve as all or part of the general warm-up.

exercise anatomy

Study of how muscles work together with bones, ligaments, and tendons to produce human movement.

exercise physiology

Branch of kinesiology focused on how physical activity affects body systems.

exercise psychology

Study of human behavior in all types of physical activity, including exercise for fitness and sport.

exercise sociology

Study of social relationships and interactions in physical activity, including sport.

health and medical science

Area of study that focuses on preventing and treating illness and promoting wellness.

kinesiology

Study of Human Movement

motor learning

Process of acquiring a motor skill; also an area of study within kinesiology that relates to acquiring motor skills.

motor skill

The learned ability to use the muscles and nerves together to perform a physical task (for example, throwing, running).

nutrition science

Study of the processes by which a plant or animal uses food to grow and sustain life.

sport pedagogy

Art and science of teaching physical activity; includes applying motor learning principles to help people learn motor skills and studying the best ways to teach and learn the principles of physical activity derived from the sciences.

stretching warm-up

A way of preparing for physical activity using flexibility exercises performed after several minutes of general exercise.

warm-up

A series of activities that prepares the body for more vigorous exercise.

work out

The part of the physical activity program during which a person does activities to improve fitness.

agility

Ability to change your body position quickly and control your body's movements.

balance

Ability to maintain an upright posture while standing still or moving.

body composition

The proportional amounts of body tissues, including muscle, bone, body fat, and other tissues that make up your body.

body fat level

Percentage of body weight that is made up of fat.

coordination

Ability to use your senses together with your body parts or to use two or more body parts together.

Flexibility

Ability to use your joints fully through a wide range of motion without injury.

functional fitness

Capacity to function effectively when performing normal daily tasks.

health

Freedom from disease and a state of optimal physical, emotional-mental, social, intellectual, and spiritual well- being (wellness).

Health-related physical fitness

Parts of physical fitness that help a person stay healthy; includes cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular endurance, strength, power, and body composition.

Hypokinetic condition

Health problem caused partly by lack of physical activity.

Muscular endurance

Ability to use your muscles many times without tiring.

physical fitness

Capacity of your body systems to work together efficiently to allow you to be healthy and effectively perform activities of daily living.

power

Capacity to use strength quickly; involves both strength and speed.

public health scientist

Expert who studies disease prevention and wellness promotion in communities.

Reaction time

Amount of time it takes to move once you recognize the need to act

speed

Ability to perform a movement or cover a distance in a short time

strength

Maximal amount of force your muscles can produce

Wellness

Positive component of health that involves having a good quality of life and a good sense of well-being as exhibited by a positive outlook

Determinant

Factor affecting your fitness, health, and wellness

Priority healthy lifestyle choice

One of the key lifestyle choices (regular physical activity, sound nutrition, and stress management) that help you prevent disease, get and stay fit, and enjoy a good quality of life.

Self-management skill

Skill that helps you adopt a healthy lifestyle now and throughout your life.

State of being

Overall condition of a person

exercise

Form of physical activity specifically designed to improve your fitness.

physical activity

Movement using the large muscles; includes sport, dance, recreational activity, and activities of daily living

sedentary

Not engaging in regular physical activity from any of the steps of the Physical Activity Pyramid

Skill

Ability to perform a specific task effectively that results from knowledge and practice.

Goal setting

Process of establishing objectives to accomplish; the objectives for lifetime fitness are to achieve good fitness, health, and wellness and to adopt a healthy lifestyle

Long-term goal

Goal that takes months or even years to accomplish.

Process goal

Goal relating to what you do rather than the product resulting from what you do.

Product goal

Goal relating to what you get as a result of what you do.

Short-term goal

Goal that can be reached in a short time, such as a few days or weeks.

SMART goal

Goal that is specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely.

Personal lifestyle plan

Written schedule of activities designed to improve fitness, health, and wellness.

Personal needs profile

Chart listing self-assessment scores and corresponding ratings.

Personal program

Written individualized plan designed to change behavior (the way you live) to improve fitness, health, and wellness.

Air quality index

Scale used to rate pollution levels ranging from good air quality to very unhealthful.

Heat index

Scale that rates the safety of the environment for exercise based on temperature and humidity.

Humidity

Relative amount of moisture in the air.

Hyperthermia

Exceptionally high body temperature often associated with exposure to hot or humid environments.

Hypothermia

Abnormally low body temperature often associated with exposure to cold and windy environments.

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)

Seven-question assessment of medical and physical readiness that should be taken before beginning a regular physical activity program for health and wellness.

wind-chill factor

Index used to determine when dangerously low temperatures and unsafe wind conditions exist.

Activity neurosis

Condition in which a person feels overly concerned about getting enough exercise and upset if he or she misses a regular workout.

Atherosclerosis

Clogging of the arteries.

Blood pressure

Force of blood against your artery walls.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A physical illness that affects the heart, blood vessels, or blood. Examples include heart attack and stroke. It's the leading cause of death in the United States.

Coronary artery disease (CAD):

Specific kind of cardiovascular disease in which the arteries in the heart become clogged.

Diabetes

Disease in which a person's body is unable to regulate sugar levels, leading to an excessively high blood sugar level.

Diastolic blood pressure

Pressure in your arteries just before the next beat of your heart.

Eating disorder

Condition that involves dangerous eating habits and often excessive activity to expend calories for fat loss.

Heart attack

Condition in which the blood supply within the heart is severely reduced or cut off, which can cause an area of the heart muscle to die.

Hyperkinetic condition

Health problem caused by doing too much physical activity.

Hypertension

Condition in which blood pressure is consistently higher than normal.

Osteoporosis

Condition in which bone structure deteriorates and bones become weak.

Peak bone mass

Highest bone density achieved during life; typically occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood.

Risk factor

Any action or condition that increases your chances of developing a disease or health condition.

Stroke

Condition in which the supply of oxygen to the brain is severely reduced or cut off.

Systolic blood pressure

Pressure in your arteries immediately after your heart beats.

Fitness target zone

Optimal range of physical activity for promoting fitness and achieving health and wellness.

FITT formula

Prescription or recipe (based on the ingredients of frequency, intensity, time, and type) for appropriate physical activity.

Frequency

How often a task is performed; in the FITT formula, it refers to how often physical activity is performed.

Intensity

Magnitude or vigorousness of a task; in the FITT formula, it refers to how hard you perform a physical activity.

Physical Activity Pyramid

Diagram or model that describes the various types of physical activity that produce good fitness, health, and wellness.

Principle of overload

The most basic law of physical activity, which states that the only way to produce fitness and health benefits through physical activity is to require your body to do more than it normally does.

Principle of progression

Principle stating that the amount and intensity of your exercise should be increased gradually.

Principle of specificity

Principle stating that the type of exercise you perform determines the type of benefit you receive

Target ceiling

Your upper recommended limit of activity for optimally promoting fitness and achieving health and wellness.

Threshold of training

Minimum amount of overload you need in order to build physical fitness.

Time

Length of a task; in the FITT formula (first T), it refers to the optimal length of an activity session designed to improve fitness and promote health and wellness.

Type

The specific kind of task; in the FITT formula (second T), it refers to the specific kind of physical activity that is performed.

Criterion-referenced health standards

Fitness ratings used to determine how much fitness is needed to prevent health problems and to achieve wellness.

Maturation

Process of becoming fully grown and developed.

Feedback

Information you receive about your performance, including suggestions for making changes in order to perform better.

Leadership

Ability to motivate and help people in a group work toward a common goal.

Motor unit

A group of nerves and muscle fibers working together to cause movement. The nerves cause the muscle fibers to contract.

reaction time

Amount of time it takes to move once you recognize the need to act

Biomechanical principles

Basic laws of physics that are used to help people perform physical tasks efficiently and effectively.

Extension

A movement that increases the angle between the bones at a joint

Flexion

A movement that reduces the angle between the bones at a joint.

Ligament

Tough tissue that holds bones together.

Microtrauma

Invisible injury, caused by repeated use or misuse of a body part, that may not result in immediate pain, soreness, or symptoms.