AP World

Charles Oliver AP World knowt

Paleolithic Era/Old Stone Age

When people would forage, gather, scavenge, and fish to survive. Occupies ninety-five percent of human millennium

Pastoral Societies

People being dependent on their livestock because they couldn’t grow crops due to climate conditions

Chiefdoms

The highest position of power in an agricultural society. More balanced compared to kings/later chiefs

Earliest Civilizations

Mespotamia (Now Iraq), Egypt, Peru’s coastline

Civilizations

Societies based in cities and governed by states, product of the age of agriculture

Patriarchy

the idea that men should be in dominant positions of power, caused lots of gender inequality with elite positions

Example of humans and their enviornment changing because of them

Rigorous farming caused soil to get salt crystals, so people switched from wheat to barley

Farmers and the enviorment

They drained swamps, leveled forests, terraced hillsides, made cities, roads, irrigation ditches, and canals

India’s caste system

Gave power to to religious statuses and ritual purity, had very little social mobility

Hinduism

Polytheistic with the Brahman (World Soul) being the ultimate and final reality. The goal is to unify with the Brahman so you have one existance. Hinduists believe in reincarination with karma, meaning how you acted in your last life affects your current life

Buddhism

To eradicate ones suffering through meditation until they eventually reached Nirvana. Buddhism also has reincarnation and karma, but wasn’t bound to unifying with a Brahman

Theravada Buddhism

The Buddha is wise but not divine. Gods played little role in helping reach enlightenment but followed the same premise as Buddhism

Mahayana Buddhism

Buddhism for busy people. Mahayanaists expand on faith and compassion for others, and believe that one can reach Nirvana in a single lifetime

Confucianism

Dervied from Confucius, who believed he found how to make harmony in social/political lives between the elite and peasants. He believed that if superior one acts with sincerity then the inferior would react with obedience. Confucius thought that education was really important to moral qualities to help with practical problems. Rituals and ceremonies were also important to build moral character

Daoism

Counters Confucianism, believed that nature was more important than societial issues. “Give up learning and put an end to your troubles”. Had the Dao, a notion that shows the phenomina of nature. Chinese Elitists took Daoism as a compliment and created the Yin (female) and Yang (male) unity for opposite genders.