Hosts and Stages

Whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) diagnostic stage

Eggs in stool

Whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) infective stage

Embryonated eggs

Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) diagnostic stage

Eggs on perianal folds

Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) infective stage

Embryonated eggs

Threadworm (Strongyloides stercoralis) diagnostic stage

Rhabditiform larvae in stool

Threadworm (Strongyloides stercoralis) infective stage

Filariform larvae

Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis) paratenic host

rat

Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis) infective stage

Encysted larvae from pork

Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis) diagnostic stage

Larvae encysted in striated muscle

Toxocariasis (Toxocara canis) definitive host

Dogs

Toxocariasis (Toxocara canis) infective stage

Embryonated eggs

Toxocariasis (Toxocara canis) paratenic host

Rabbits

Toxocariasis (Toxocara canis) diagnostic stage

Eggs in stool

Dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infective stage

L3 filarial larvae

Dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) definitive host

Dogs or coyotes

Dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) accidental host

Humans

Lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia) infective stage

Filarial larva

Lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia) diagnostic stage

Microfilaria

Onchocerciasis (Onchocercus volvulus) infective stage

Filarial larva

Onchocerciasis (Onchocercus volvulus) diagnostic stage

Microfilaria

Loaiasis (Loa loa) infective stage

Filarial larva

Loaiasis (Loa loa) diagnostic stage

Microfilariae

Plasmodium and Babesia parasitemia ranking

Extremely high: Babesia

High: P. falciparum

Low: P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae

Malaria (Plasmodium) morphology

Gametocytes

Trophozoites

Babesiosis (Babesia) reservoir

Peromyscus leukopus (United States), Cattle (Europe)

Leishmaniasis (Leishmania) reservoirs

Rodent, sloths, dogs, opossums, anteaters

Leishmaniasis (Leishmania) diagnostic and infective stages

Diagnostic: amastigote

Infective: promastigote

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) reservoirs

Rodent, cats, dogs, opossums, armadillos