Western Civ 1 Test 1

What is civilization

The process of society or place in developing culture, worldview, & social structure

Are cultures created equal?

Yes

Western Civilization

Culture, beliefs, & societal standards developing in the mediterranean basin

What is western civilization influenced by

Grecco-Roman, Hebrew, Christian concepts, & ideas

Presuppositions

1. History is knowable

2. There are reliable evidence

3. Logic exists

4. Consequences exists

5. There are true things

What does human nature come down to

Interpretation

3 essential elements found in the world

1. Adaption

2. Movement

3. Tools

What do most civilizations start out with

hunting & gathering

ötzi

oldest mummy available

çatalhöyÿk

one of the first confirmed settlements with early signs of agriculture

Afro-Eurasia

Part of the world where 3 contents interact with one another

Agricultural revolution

When people start harvesting their own crops

What helped with farming

warm temperature

Irrigation

Altering water flows

Deforestation

clearing out trees

Grazing fields

Finding way to take care of animals

Fertile Crescent

Tigris and Euphrates river

What animals were the first to be domesticated

dogs

What did mesopotamia village life manufacture

tools for clearing and defense

Urak is known as

The shining city

What was Urak

a commercial and administrative center

What did the Tigris & Euphrates rivers provide

soil navigation

Cuneiform

one of the 1st written languages

what did cuneiform have more of

pictures more than words

The ziggurat

cultural-religious structure

what was the ziggurat designated to

the gods whom they saw as violent

Akkadians- Sargon the great

example of a monarch, king, or emperor

Akkadians- Hammurabi king of babylon

military leader & created legal code

Code of hammurabi

legal code that emphasized harsh punishments

why did egypt stay in one place

the nile river

how does the nile river flow

south to north

What does the nile do

predictably floods

Early dynastic egypt contains what

two kingdoms (upper and lower)

What does king namer do

brings the 2 kingdoms together

In egypt what is hierarchy established around

pharaoh

What is a Pharaoh seen as

semi-divine ruler who appeases gods

What is Bureaucracy established to do

please pharaoh deities

How long do dynasties usually last

100 years

Egyptian religion belief system

1. kings are gods after death

2. certain gods tied to cities

3. gods were often related

4. priests interpreted what gods wanted

5. commoners believed in omens

What is mummification

preserving body for afterlife

what are synoptic jars

used to hold certain parts of the body

where is King Tut’s mummy

in the valley of kings

What did people in egypt brew

beer

what led to the decline of egyptian golden age

1. state relied on strong administration

2. weak ruler = weak egypt

3. bloody regional struggles

4. loss of resources

Who was the first king of Israel

saul

who ruled israel after king saul

david and solomon

What is the legacy of the hebrew kingdom

monotheism and property, legal protection, inherent female worth

what is the Hittites

bronze-age kingdom who monopolized ironworking

what are the 3 periods of the hittites

1. old hittite kingdom

2. middle hittite kingdom

3. new hittite kingdom

What is the persians nickname

gentle giants

where did the persians establish rule

over southeast asia and middle east

What is persians modification

they try to incorporate pre-existing social norms rather than getting rid of them

Who are Satraps

governors that have maintained provinces, monitored local officials, and ensure taxes are collected

What is the purpose for the persian roads

to have an easy way to get money to capital cities and to get things faster

what is persian architecture like

made with sand stone not wood

Zoroastianism

zoroaster said one god Ahura Mazda existed

What was the role of kings in persia

had all earthly authority and must be moral but cant do all the things they want

persian social order

ruling class, commercial class, artisans, peasants

how was the persian social class identified

by the color of his clothes

What was the persian military like

diverse but was a permanent standing army & practiced often for campaigns

who were the immortals

elite forces who go into battle besides the king

what happens if an immortal dies

they are immediately replaces

troubles in persia

1. tax revenue & tributes expansion stopped

2. faced incursions on its borders

3. lost campaigns in greece

Ionian revolt results

Erotia destroyed by Persia & greeks raided and attacked persians

Who are the minoans

1. created the legend of the labryinth

2. highly urbanized

3. highly artistic

what is the great mystery of the minoans

language has never been able to be broken

the “bull jumpers” & known sea farmers of the minoans are from

Crete

Mycenaean city states known for

engineering, architecture, & military

Mycenaean writing style

Linear B

What did the Mycenaean emphasis

“Elite warrior” society

Mycenaean culture was known for

metal working & chariots

Greek city states were influenced by

wealthy elites and competitive places

Greek city citizens were know as

Polis

Greek cities created what

Self-government

Battle of Marathon

victory for athenians against persian empire

Peloponnesian War

Sparta versus athens

Peloponnesian league

athenians

Digdian league

Sparts

Pericles

Political & military leader

Funeral oration emphasising

Athenian sacrifice & past and present values

Athenian values

law, philosophy, democracy

Tyranny

someone with temporary control

oligarchy

small group of people in control

democracy

the people decide

Sparta life

not a society comfortable with weakness

Spartan boys

removed from homes at 7 and remained soldiers until 60

Spartan girls

trained to be warrior mothers

What were spartan children encouraged to do

lie & steal to gain resourceful skills as long as they weren’t caught

when could husbands & wives cohabitate

not until age 30

What is spartan government

Oligarchy

Spartan hiearchy

1. spartan

2. greeks

3. helots

Who are helots

slaves

what are helots responsible for

farming

What is the Krypteia law

Spartans allowed to kill helots

spartans weakness

dont have transcribal power, set themselves apart from everyone else, and not as powerful as once where

Phillip II of Macedonia

King of Macedonia who takes greek military techniques & win the greeks

Corinthian league

all power in one force

Phillip’s asian campaign

want’s to conquer all of persia

How is Phillip II killed

assassinated by his body gaurd

Who is Alexander the great

Phillip II’s son & best trained in classical world with tutor aristotle