Vet tech practical

What are the vital signs

Temperature

Respiration

Heart rate

Capillary refill time

What are some other physical examination practices

Gut sounds

ocular discharge

Skin/coat

behavior

What are some question to ask about history for the patient

• Age

• past or current medications

• any environmental changes

• a presence of other pets

• diet/change in diet

• are they intact/fixed

• breed

On the saphenous vein where is it on Dogs

on the lateral hind limb

On the saphenous vein where is it on cats

Medial hind limb

What are some other venipuncture techniques and where are they located

• Cephalic vein (forelimb)

• Jugular vein (neck area)

What does OU,OD,and OS stand for

• Both eyes

• Right eye

• Left eye

What does AU, AD, and AS stand for

• Both ears

• Right ear

• Left ear

Bloodwork: What are the electrolytes

• NA+

• K+

• Ca

• Phos

Bloodwork: What serves for kidney function

• BUN- blood urea nitrogen

• CRE

Bloodwork: what serves for liver function

• ALB

• ALP

• ALT

• TBIL

Bloodwork: what serves for pancreatic function

• AMY

• GLU

Bloodwork: what serves for Protein levels

• TP

• GLOB

Bloodwork: what serves for metabolic and energy indicators

• GLU

• PHOS

What enzyme can cause oncotic pressure

ALB: ALBUMIN

What is the cholastic enzyme

ALP: alkaline phosphate

What is the Liver enzyme

ALT: ALANINE Amino transferase

High Eosinophils

Eosinophilia

Low Eosinophils

Eosinopenia

High Basophils

Basophilia

Low Basophils

Basopenia

High Monocytes

Monocytosis

Low Monocytes

Monocytopenia

High Lymphocytes

Lymphocytosis

Low Lymphocytes

Lymphocytopenia

What is the stres hormone

Epinephrine

Menace response

tests vision a cerebral component

pupillary light reflex

assess neurological function

Mitral valve regurgitation

when the mitral valve does not close properly and can cause heart murmur

Why do we check for pregnancy on lambs

• fetal viability: heartbeat, pulse and movement

• fetal count to prevent pregnancy toxemia

How early do we preg check lambs

as early as 30 days ideally 45-60 days

Gestation of a lamb

5 months

What type of placenta do lambs have

Cotyledonary

What is the maternal side of the palcenta

Caruncles

What is the fetal side of the placenta

Cotyledons

Where do we place the probe for lambs

in the right flank ( left side=rumen)

What did we use as a conductor

rubbing alcohol

Mineral/bone gives what image

a clean image

Air/Gas gives what image

a dirty image

When do we dehorn calves

ideally 2-4 weeks

What are the general steps for dehorning

1. restrain calf

2. locate buds then clip hair

3. inject lidocaine block on each side

4. meloxicam administration

5. dehorn with hot iron-copper ring and white ring

6. Aluminum spray

7. Fly spray

8. Observe for 12-24 hours

Dehorning: where is the lidocaine block injected

injected at the lateral canthus of the eye where the cornual nerve is that provides sensory towards the horn

Lidocaine 2%

Local anesthetic that prevents the genration and conduction of nerve impulse

Meloxicam

An NSAID used to relieve pain and inflammation. specifically given during dehorning to reduce pain in the upcoming days

Aluminum Spray

topical wound spray, aerosol bandage

What is the technique to dehorn a calf

for 3 seconds at a time, put firm pressure with the hot iron on the bud rotate in a circular motion looking for a copper ring. Overall looking for complete separation of the skin

What is the lung Consolidation scoring

1. Normal

2. Comet tails/B-lines

3. Pleural surface disruption(consolidation is >1cm but <6 CM)

4. Consolidation is >6cm or more than one location

Consolidation

term used to describe damage to the lung tissue

Why is it bad for a cow to be placed on their side for long moments at a time

Due to how heavy they are if they are on a hard surface for a long amount of time this could cause muscle and nerve damage and bloat

For equine venipuncture where did we withdraw from

We withdrew between the cranial and middle third area of the jugular neck. We inserted into the jugular vein

What artery were we trying to avoid during venipuncture on the juglar

carotid artery

Microhematocrit reader

RBC percentage

Refractormeter

Plasma percentage

Vital Signs for Adult horses

Heart rate: 28-40 bpm

Respiratory rate: 8-16 bpm

Vital Signs for foals

Heart rate: 80-120 bpm

Respiratory rate: 20-40 bpm

What are we looking for during a post-op exam (castration)

• looking at the incision sight

• looking at the swelling on the pelivs/sheath

What is the caslick procedure

a procedure done on mares with poor vaginal conformation to reduce fecal contamination

When do we perform a caslick

performed after pregnancy confirmation, removed about a week before foaling

How did we remove the caslick

a lidocaine block and then with scissors we cut along the incision

Why do we look at the teats of the mare post-foaling

too check if the foal has been feeding from multiple teats, blokage, mastitis

During a physical exam for castration what should we look at specifically

Look for if both testicles were descended

Castration: where was the IV catheter placed

The left jugular vein (between the cranial and middle third area of the neck)

Detomidine

Alpha-2 agonist tranquilizer

Butorphanol

Opiod tranquilizer class IV

Ketamine

General anesthetic class 3

What do we do to the incision after we successfully castrate

We stretch the incision

Castration: how did the horse lay

On their right lateral side

What is a flush

prevents blockage and ensures accurate medication delivery by clearing the line of residual fluids

After giving the premedication (Detomidine and butorphanol ) what should we be osberving on the horse

• head position

• limb placement

• response

What type of knot was made for the leg

Bow line knot

betadine

kills bacteria, antiseptic