Exploring Creation with Biology - Module 12 - Vocabulary

Exoskeleton

A body covering, typically made of chitin --
provides support and protection

Molt

To shed an old exoskeleton so it can be replaced with a new one -- takes place when growing bodies get too large for the old exoskeleton

Thorax

The body region between the head and the abdomen (b)

Abdomen

The body region posterior (behind) the thorax

Chephalothorax

A body region comprised of a head and thorax fused together

Compound eye

made of many lenses, each with a very limited scope

Simple eye

only one lens

Open circulatory system

allows blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so cells are in direct contact with blood

Statocyst

organ of balance in a crustacean

Gonad

organ that produces gametes

Complete metamorphosis

Four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult

Incomplete metamorphosis

Three stages: egg, nymph, adult

Antennae

A feeler that is on the head of an invertebrate -- senses touch, taste or smell.

Carapace

a hard plate or shell that covers the sides of the body and protects the gills

Swimmerets

Five pairs of short appendages under the abdomen/tail of crustaceans used for swimming.

Stomach

large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

Heart

hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

Pericardial sinus

Located around the heart -- collects blood

Anus

muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material leaves the body

Nerve cord

Bundle of nerve fibers that runs the length of the body in many invertebrates

Digestive glands

break down food -- present in crustaceans, mollusks, and certain other invertebrates.

Green gland

Cleans the blood of imputities

Book lungs

Respiratory organs that are highly folded with many thin layers that look like pages

Respiration in insects

A network of tracheas connected to spiracles allow air to travel throughout the body

Coleoptera

Horny wings -- Beetles

Orthoptera

Leather-like wings -- Grasshoppers and crickets

Lepidoptera

Scaled wings -- Butterflies and moths

Hymenoptera

Social insects with membranous wings -- Bees, wasps, and ants

Diptera

Two membranous wings for flying and two membranous balancers -- Flies, Gnats, Mosquitoes

Sheet web

Single, flat sheet of sticky silk

Tangle web

No real discernible pattern

Orb web

Consist of concentric circles of sticky silk supported by spokes of non-sticky silk

Arachnids

4 pair of walking legs
2 body segments
0 antennae
4 pair simple eyes
book lungs

Insects

3 pair of walking legs
3 body segments
1 pair antennae
wings

Arthropods

includes insects, arachnids, and crustacea
exoskeleton
segmented bodies
jointed appendages
open circulatory system

Crustacea

Usually aquatic
Cephalothorax covered by a carapace
2 pair antennae

Chelipeds

claws