Crash course : Reproductive System part 2

Scrotum

External sac holding testes; maintains optimal temperature for spermatogenesis.

Seminiferous Tubules

Coiled tubes within testes where spermatogenesis occurs.

Sertoli Cells

Nurse" cells within seminiferous tubules; support and nourish developing sperm.

Interstitial (Leydig) Cells

Cells between seminiferous tubules; produce testosterone

Spermatogenesis

The complete process of sperm cell production.

Spermiogenesis

The final stage of spermatogenesis where spermatids mature into spermatozoa.

Acrosome

Enzymatic cap on sperm head; allows penetration of egg's protective layers.

Flagellum

The tail of a sperm cell; provides motility through whip-like movements.

Epididymis

Coiled tube atop the testis; site of sperm maturation, storage, and acquisition of motility.

Vas Deferens

Muscular duct that transports mature sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra during ejaculation.

Semen

Ejaculatory fluid containing sperm and secretions from accessory glands.

Seminal Vesicles

Paired glands that secrete a fructose-rich fluid, providing energy for sperm.

Prostate Gland

Single gland that secretes a milky fluid to activate and nourish sperm.

Bulbourethral Glands

Pea-sized glands that secrete a lubricating mucus to clean and lubricate the urethra.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the pituitary to release FSH and LH.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Pituitary hormone that acts on Sertoli cells to promote spermatogenesis.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Pituitary hormone that acts on Leydig cells to stimulate testosterone production.

Testosterone

Primary male sex hormone; crucial for spermatogenesis, libido, and secondary sex characteristics.

Ejaculation

The forceful expulsion of semen from the male urethra.

Vasectomy

Surgical male sterilization involving cutting/sealing the vas deferens.