8th Grade -Math

adjacent angles

angles that lie next to one another

alternate angles

pairs of angles that lie on opposite sides of the transversal

coefficient

a number that multiplies a variable in a term

cone

a solid (3-dimensional) object with a circular flat base joined to a curved side that ends in an apex point

corresponding angles

when two lines are crossed by another line (which is called the transversal), the angles in matching corners are called corresponding angles

cube root

a special value that, when used in a multiplication three times, gives that number

cylinder

a solid object with two identical flat ends that are circular or elliptical and one curved side

dilation

shrinking or enlargement of a figure

distributive property

says that multiplying a number by a group of numbers added together is the same as doing each multiplication separately

exterior angles

the angle between any side of a shape, and a line extended from the next side

infinite solutions

having an unlimited number of solutions

interior angles

angles that lie inside the shape or inside a pair of parallel lines

inverse operation

operations that "undo" each other

line of best fit

a line drawn on a scatter plot to estimate 2 sets of data

linear equation

an equation whose graph is a straight line

linear relationships

a relationship that has a straight-line graph

non-linear

not lying in a straight line

parallel

always the same distance apart

perpendicular

forming right angles

Pythagorean Theorem

in a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the sides equals the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle)

rate of change

the slant of a line as you look at it from left to right, slope

reflection

an image or shape as it would be seen in a mirror

scatter plot

a graph of plotted points that show the relationship between two sets of data

scientific notation

a compact way of writing numbers with absolute values that are very large or very small In scientific notation, 5,500 is 5.5x10^3

sphere

a three dimensional object shaped like a ball

standard form

the usual or common way to write a number using digits

substitution

putting numbers where the letters are

translation

"sliding"; moving a shape without rotating or flipping it

variable

a letter or symbol used to represent an unknown quantity

vertical angles

the angles opposite each other when two lines cross

y-intercept

the point where the line crosses the y-axis