Interpersonal Quiz #4

Chapter 7 and 8

Conversation

dyadic process where two people engage with one another in interaction that has multip0le turns

One-way Conversations

where an individual is talking at the other person and not with the other person

Two- way Conversations

conversations where there is mutual involvement and interaction. People are actively talking, providing nonverbal feedback, and listening

Discourse

one-way cooperative conversation

Dialogue

traditional, two-way cooperative conversation

Debate

two-way, competitive conversation more persuading, less information giving

Diatribe

one-way, competitive conversation to express emotions, brow beat those that disagree with you, and inspire those that share the same perspective

Communication Needs

shows us how communication fulfills our needs- Physical, identity, social

Communication Motives

reasons why we communicate with others. 6 main reasons: control, relaxation, escape, inclusion, affection, and pleasure

Self Disclosure

the process of sharing information with another person about yourself

Social Integration

developing interpersonal relationships

Expectancy Violation Theory

what happens when an individual shares too much to a person they aren’t close with 

Impression Management

attempt to generate as favorable an impression of ourselves as possible, particularly through both verbal and nonverbal techniques of self-presentation

Self-descriptions

talking about specific characteristics of ourselves

Accounts

explanations of a predicament-creating events designed to minimize the apparent severity of the predicament

Apologies

designed to convince the audience that the undesirable event should not be considered a fair representation of what the actor is “really like”

Entitlements and Enhancements

designed to explain a desirable event in a way that maximizes the desirable implications for the actor

Flattery

the use of compliments to get the other person to like you more

Favors

doing something nice for someone to gain that person’s approval

Social Penetration Theory

how individuals gradually become more intimate as individuals self-disclosure more and those self-disclosures become more intimate

Open Self

when information is known to both ourselves and others. Can include: attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, emotions, experiences, values

Hidden Self

what is known to ourselves but not known to others

Blind Self 

what we don’t know about ourselves that is known by others

Unknown Self

when information is not known by ourselves or others

Hearing 

passive activity where an individual perceives sound by detecting vibrations through an ear

Listening

Focused, concentrated attention for the purpose of understanding the meanings expressed by a source

Critical Listening

careful systematic thinking and reasoning to see whether a message makes sense in light of factual evidence

Understanding

ability to comprehend or decode the source’s message

Remembering

the ability to recall a message that was sent

Interpreting

attention to all of the various speakers and contextual variables that provide a background for accurately perceived messages

Evaluating

Judging the message itself

Discriminative Listening

distinguishing between auditory and visual stimuli and determining which to actually pay attention to 

Comprehensive Listening

the listener uses discriminative skills while functioning to understand and recall the speaker’s information

Therapeutic Listening

when an individual is sounding board for another person during an interaction

Critical Listening

really analyzing the message that is being sent, the acceptability, or validity of the message

Appreciative Listening

when someone simply enjoys the act of listening or the message being sent

People-Orientated Listening

tend to be more focused on the person sending the message than the content of the message

Action-Oriented Listening

focused on what the source wants, wants source to get to the point quickly

Content-Oriented Listening

listener who focuses on the content of the message and process that message in a systematic way

Time-Orientated Listening

always in a hurry and want a source of a message to speed things up a bit

Silent Listening

when you say nothing 

Questioning

when you want to get answers in situations, so you ask questions

Paraphrasing

restating in your own words, the message you think the speaker just sent

Empathizing

used to show you identify with a speaker’s information

Supporting

agreement, offers to help, praise, reassurance, and diversion responses

Analyzing

helpful in gaining different alternatives and perspectives by offering an interpretation of the speaker’s message

Advising 

giving suggestions

Selection

what things we focus on compared to what things we ignore

Organization 

how we arrange information in our minds

Negotiation

trying to understand what is happening, often use narratives or stories to explain or depict their life

Physiological Influences

biology has an impact on what we do and do not  perceive- senses, age, health, hunger,  biological cycles

Psychological Influences

based on our mind and we can’t detect them in others, mood and self-concept

Social Influences

sex and gender roles, as well as occupational roles, impact our perceptions

Cultural Influences

everyone doesn’t perceive things in the same fashion from different cultures

Relationship Characteristics

Duration, contact frequency, sharing, support, interaction variability, and goals

Duration

the length of any relationship

Contact Frequency

how often you communication with the other person

Sharing

process of revealing and disclosing information about yourself with another

Support

provide assistance, aid, or comfort to another

Interaction Variability

ability to talk about various topics with someone

Goals

expectations about how the relationship will function

Physical Attraction

the degree to which you find another person aesthetically pleasing

Social Attraction

degree to which an individual sees another person as entertaining, intriguing, and fun to be around

Task Attraction

people we are attracted to because they possess specific knowledge and/or skills that help us accomplish specific goals

Physical Proximity

being geographically close to someone

Perceived Gain

we will form relationships with people who can offer us rewards that outweigh the costs

Comparison Level

minimum standard of what is acceptable

Comparison level of Alternatives

comparison of what is happening in the relationship and what could be gained in another relationship

Similarity Thesis

when romantic workplace relationships occur because people find coworkers have similar personalities, interests, backgrounds, desires, needs, goals, etc. 

Complementary

when one person can fulfill the other person’s needs

Initiating Stage

the stage of coming together where a person is interested in making contact and it is brief

Experimental Stage

stage where “small talk” occurs at this stage and your searching for commonalities

Intensifying Stage

stage where two people truly become a couple

Integrating Stage

stage where you take on an identity as a social unit or give up characteristics of your old self

Bonding Stage

stage where you make a public announcement that your relationship exists

Differentiating Stage

where both people are trying to figure out their own identities

Circumscribing Stage

where communication decreases. More arguments, working late, less intimacy.

Stagnating Stage

where you are behaving in old familiar ways without much feeling, lost enthusiasm for old familiar things

Avoiding Stage

where you are creating distance from your partner

Terminating Stage

where relationship has gone wrong and you have desire to quit it

Relationship Maintenance

strategies to help your relationship be successful and satisfying

Dialectal Tension

how individuals deal with struggles in their relationship

Separation Integration

where partners seek involvement but not willing to sacrifice their entire identity

Eros

romantic love involving serial monogamous relationships

Storge

develops slowly out of friendship where stability and psychological closeness are valued along with commitment, which leads to enduring love

Ludic Love

view love as a game, and playing this game with multiple partners is perceived to be acceptable by individuals with this love style

Agape love

selfless love in which the needs of others are the priority

Pragma Love

love involving logic and reason

Mania Love

Obsessive love that requires constant reassurance

Androgynous

having both feminine and masculine characteristics

Undifferentiated

does not possess either masculine or feminine characteristics

Instrumental Roles

roles that are focused on being task-oriented

Expressive roles

roles that are relationship oriented