Causing Disease (Enzymes and Toxins)

Microrganisms damage their host _______ through the action of enzymes or toxins

directly

Microrganisms damage their host _______ by inducing host’s defenses to response EXCESSIVELY or inappropriately

indirectly

Microrganisms damage their host by inducing _______ changes to host cells

epigenetic

Many pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms secrete _______ that break down and inflict damage on tissues

exoenzymes

How is Streptokinase helpful in the medical field?

dissolve fibrin clots

_______ are proteins with a strong specify for a target cell and extremely powerful, sometimes, deadly effects.

exotoxin

_______ generally affect cells by damaging the cell membrane and causing lysis

exotoxins

________ are a class of bacterial exotoxin that disrupts the cell membrane of RBCs

Hemolysins

______ is a chemical called lipoplysaccharide (LPS)

endotoxin

What type of cell has LPS on the OM

gram-negative

Which toxin is toxic in minute amounts?

Exotoxins

Which toxin has a systemic effect of fever and inflammation

endotoxin

Which toxin is unstable with heat

exotoxins

Which toxin is stable with heat?

endotoxin

Which toxin can be converted to toxoid?

Exotoxins

An inactiviated toxin used in vaccines

toxoid

Which toxin stimulates antitioxins (antibody for toxin)?

exotoxins

Which toxin is secreted from live cells?

exotoxins

Which toxin is released by cell via shedding during lysis?

endotoxin