Human Anatomy and Physiology Review

A set of flashcards designed to help students understand key vocabulary terms related to human anatomy and physiology.

Sickle Cell Anemia

A defect of red blood cells that impairs their ability to carry oxygen.

Eosinophils

A type of white blood cell that increases in number during allergic reactions.

Chronic Inflammation

A long-term inflammatory response leading to an increase in monocytes.

Neutrophils

White blood cells that increase during bacterial infections.

Mononucleosis

An infection characterized by an increase in lymphocytes.

Fibrinogen

A plasma protein produced in the liver, crucial for blood clotting and wound healing.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a decreased red blood cell count, leading to reduced oxygen carrying capacity.

Plasma

The component of blood that is the liquid part without cells, containing proteins and solutes.

Hematocrit

The proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells.

Aorta

The major artery carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the systemic tissues.

Pulmonary Vein

The vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Mitral Valve

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.

Diaphragm

A muscle that aids in breathing by changing intrathoracic pressure.

Pneumonia

An inflammation of the alveolar sacs in the lungs.

Tidal Volume

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.

Residual Volume

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.

Bolus

A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed.

Enzymes

Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, crucial for digestion.

Sucrose

A disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, also known as table sugar.

Lactose Intolerance

The inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products.