A&P Digestive System

ingestion

eating and swallowing food

mechanical processing

physically breaking food apart

chemical digestion

breaking chemical bonds

motility

alternating muscle contractions

digestive tract organs

organs through which food material passes through

accessory organs

organs which does not have food pass through them but produces enzymes

oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines

digestive tract organs include:

sakivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

accessory organs include:

mastication

chewing food

enzymes; break chemical bonds

water helps mix food with ______ and helps _________

maintain neutral mouth pH

mucus and buffers help…

Ig-A antibodies

immunogobins present in saliva

starch

salivary amylase breaks down ________

water, mucus/buffers, immunoglobins, amylase

4 components of saliva

neutral

What pH can amylase work in?

maltose

what does amylase break starch down into?

bolus

chewed, partially digested food

deglutition

swallowing

rises up to prevent bolus from entering nasal cavity

what happens to the soft palate when swallowing?

folds downward to prevent the bolus from entering the trachea and larynx

what happens to the epiglottis when swallowing?

esophagus

muscular tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach

peristalsis

muscular contractions that move the bolus towards the stomach

esophagel hiatus

opening in the diaphragm that allows the esophagus to pass through from the thoracic cavity into the abdominal cavity

lower esophageal sphincter

band of smooth muscle between esophagus and stomach

lower esophageal sphincter

opens to allow the bolus in the esophagus to enter stomach and closes to prevent acidic material in the stomach from reentering the esophagus

rugae

folds of the inner lining of the stomach that allow the stomach to expand with food

mechanical digestion

mixing and churning due to smooth muscle contractions

chyme

soupy mixture of stomach secretions and further digestive bolus

duodenum

where does chyme move from the stomach to?

duodenum

first part of the small intestine

pyloric sphincter

band of smooth muscle between the stomach and the duodenum that opens and closes to regulate the movement of chyme into the duodenum