intro anatomy and physiology ch 7

bones and burns

Skeletal System

Supports the body and protects internal organs

Bones

Primary organs of the skeletal system

Support

Provides internal framework and attachment for muscles

Protection

Protects soft tissues and vital organs

Movement

Allows muscles to contract and bones to bend

Storage

Plays a role in homeostasis of blood calcium

Hematopoiesis

Process of blood cell formation

Long Bones

Ex. Humerus or arm bone

Short Bones

Ex. Carpals or wrist bones

Flat Bones

Ex. Frontal or skull bone

Irregular Bones

Ex. Vertebrae or spinal bones

Sesamoid

Round bone recognized by some scientists

Diaphysis

Shaft of a long bone

Medullary Cavity

Hollow area inside the diaphysis containing yellow bone marrow

Epiphyses

Ends of a long bone

Articular Cartilage

Thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis

Periosteum

Strong membrane covering a long bone

Endosteum

Thin membrane lining the medullary cavity

Epiphyseal Lines

Remnants of cartilage growth plate in mature bones

Cancellous Bone

Spongy bone with many spaces and trabeculae

Compact Bone

Hard and dense bone with osteons and lamellae

Osteons

Structural units in compact bone

Lacunae

Spaces in bone containing osteocytes

Canaliculi

Tiny passageways connecting lacunae in bone

Cartilage

Flexible connective tissue with firm gel and chondrocytes

Osteoblast

Bone-forming cells

Osteoclast

Bone-remodeling cells

Endochondral Ossification

Formation of bones from cartilage models

Intramembranous Ossification

Formation of bones from fibrous membrane

Axial Skeleton

Skull, spine, chest, and hyoid bone

Appendicular Skeleton

Shoulder, pectoral girdles, arms, wrist, hands, hip, pelvic girdles, legs, ankles, and feet

Skull

Consists of cranial bones, face bones, and ear bones

Sinuses

Spaces inside cranial bones with openings into the nose

Mastoiditis

Inflammation of air spaces within the temporal bone

Cranial Bones

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones

Face Bones

Nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, mandible, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and vomer bones

Ear Bones

Malleus, incus, and stapes bones

Hyoid Bone

U-shaped bone in the neck

Sutures

Immovable joints between cranial bones

Fontanels

Areas of incomplete ossification in infants

Vertebral Column

Consists of vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx

Cervical Vertebrae

7 vertebrae in the neck region

Thoracic Vertebrae

12 vertebrae in the chest region

Lumbar Vertebrae

5 vertebrae in the lower back region

Sacrum

5 fused vertebrae below the lumbar region

Coccyx

4-5 fused vertebrae at the base of the spine

Thorax

Chest region consisting of ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae

Ribs

12 pairs of bones attached to thoracic vertebrae and sternum

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Clavicle

Collar bone

Humerus

Long bone of the arm

Radius

Bone in the forearm

Ulna

Bone in the forearm

Carpals

Wrist bones

Metacarpals

Bones in the palm of the hand

Phalanges

Finger bones

Pelvic Girdle

Connects the legs to the trunk

Coxal Bones

Bones of the pelvic girdle

Femur

Longest bone in the body, located in the thigh

Patella

Kneecap

Tibia

Shin bone

Fibula

Bone in the lower leg

Metatarsals

Bones in the foot

Tarsals

Bones in the foot

Arthritis

Inflammation of the joints

Osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint disease in the knees

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune inflammatory arthritis

Gouty Arthritis

Arthritis caused by urate crystals

Psoriatic Arthritis

Inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis