1.8 Inorganic ions

Where are inorganic ions found in the body?

In solution in cytoplasm and body fluid, some in high concentrations and some in very low concentrations

Describe the role of hydrogen ions

H⁺ → maintains pH levels in the body → high concentration = acidic/ low pH.
Affects enzyme rate of reaction as can cause enzymes to denature.

Describe the role of Iron ions

Fe²⁺ → component of haem group of haemoglobin. Allowing oxygen to bind/ associate for transport as oxyhaemoglobin.

Describe the role of sodium ions

Na⁺ →
1. Involved in co-transport of glucose/ amino acids into cells
2. Involved in action potentials in neurons
3. Affects water potential of cells/ osmosis

Describe the role of phosphate ions

PO₄^3- →
1. Component of nucleotides, allowing phosphodiester bonds to form in DNA/ RNA.
2. Component of ATP, allowing energy release
3. Phosphorylates other compounds making them more reactive
4. Hydrophilic part of phospholipids, allowing a bilayer to form.