4.5 SOCIAL-COGNITIVE & TRAIT THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality

A theory that emphasizes the interaction between personal factors, behavior, and environment in shaping personality.

Reciprocal Determinism

The idea that personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior all interact and influence each other.

Self-Concept

A person's overall perception of themselves, including their traits, abilities, and how they relate to others.

Self-Efficacy

A person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Openness to Experience (Big 5 Personality Trait)

A 'big five' trait characterized by imagination, curiosity, and a willingness to try new things.

Self-Esteem

A person's sense of self-worth or personal value.

Conscientiousness (Big 5 Personality Trait)

A 'big five' trait that reflects a person's degree of organization, dependability, and goal-directed behavior.

Trait Theory of Personality

A perspective that defines personality as a set of stable characteristics that influence how individuals respond to situations.

Extraversion (Big 5 Personality Trait)

A 'big five' trait associated with sociability, energy, and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others.

Big Five Theory of Personality

A trait theory that identifies five core dimensions of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability.

Agreeableness (Big 5 Personality Trait)

A 'big five' trait that reflects a person's tendency to be compassionate, cooperative, and trusting toward others.

Emotional Stability (Big 5 Personality Trait)

A 'big five' trait involving the tendency to remain calm and resilient under stress, sometimes referred to by its inverse, neuroticism.

Personality Inventory

A self-report questionnaire used to assess an individual's traits and behavioral tendencies.

Factor Analysis

A statistical method used to identify clusters of related traits within personality assessments.