oncology overview semester 1 (ALL TESTS)

Per the current American Cancer Society recommendation, an individual with average risk should begin colorectal screening at the age of

45

the esophagus is __ to the trachea

posterior

Diphenoxylate and Loperamide may be used to relieve diarrhea

true

the number one is a logic risk factor associated with bronchogenic (lung) cancer is

tobacco exposure

TD 5/5 Esophagus

55 Gy

TD 5/5 Liver

30 Gy

TD 5/5 femoral head/neck

52 Gy

TD 5/5 kidney

23 Gy

TD 5/5 lung

17.5 Gy

TD 5/5 heart

40 Gy

TD 5/5 spinal cord

47 Gy

TD 5/5 rectum

60 Gy

TD 5/5 small bowel

45 Gy

if utilizing a standard for Field Box treatment technique for colorectal cancer, a cone down or boost field should be scheduled before _____ to reduce the volume of small bowel in the treatment fields

45 Gy

which anatomical structure is located at approximately the level of T4 / T5

carina

Which histology of lung cancer is associated with the worst prognosis

SCLC

the two most common symptoms of local disease lung cancer are cough and

hemoptysis

the esophagus lining lacks a serosol layer

true

which of the following is the most common histology of non-small cell lung cancer

adenocarcinoma

the most common sight of distant metastasis for colorectal cancer is

liver

mesothelioma is a rare form of lung cancer that affects which portion of the lung

pleura

which term represents the anatomic location where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left main stem bronchi

carina

the treatment of choice for early stage non-small lung cancer is

surgery

according to QUANTEC for the treatment of lung cancer, the suggested volume of lung receiving a dose of 20Gy or more is less than or equal to

30-35%

the Curative radiation therapy total dose associated with non-small cell lung cancer is

60-66Gy (180-200cGy/fraction)

chronic vs acute: transverse myelitis

chronic

chronic vs acute: decreased blood counts

acute

chronic vs acute: fistula

chronic

chronic vs acute: esophagitis

acute

chronic vs acute: stenosis

chronic

chronic vs acute: dysphagia

acute

chronic vs acute: stricture

chronic

the correct order from innermost layer to outermost layer of the bowel

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

the most commonly diagnosed histology of colorectal cancer is

adenocarcinoma

which of the following are etiologic factors strongly associated with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

tobacco use, GERD, and Barrett's esophagus

adenocarcinoma of the esophagus most commonly present in the

distal 1/3

which of the following surgical techniques would be utilized if a rectal tumor is greater than 5 cm from the anal verge

lar

Most esophageal cancers present in late stages of disease

true

a typical dose for definitive chemo radiation in the treatment of esophageal cancer is

50-50.4 Gy

A common presenting symptom of colorectal cancer is

hematochezia

the most important organ at risk to consider when planning colorectal cancer treatment is the

small bowel

the medical term dysphagia is defined as difficulty

swallowing

the most common sight of distant metastasis for pancreatic cancer is

liver

which of the following statements accurately defines orthopnea

shortness of breath when lying flat

radiofrequency ablation is possible treatment option for which of the following types of lung cancer

NSCLC

chronic vs acute: bladder atrophy

chronic

chronic vs acute: bowel obstruction

chronic

chronic vs acute: adhesions

chronic

chronic vs acute: cramps

acute

chronic vs acute: diarrhea

acute

chronic vs acute: dysuria

acute

prescribing corticosteroids to patients receiving whole brain radiation serves to reduce

swelling

which of the following is an autoimmune condition that prevents your body from absorbing vitamin B12

pernicious anemia

lung tumors are classified as a non small cell lung cancer

adenocarcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma, large cell carcinoma

which of the following is a possible inherited mutation associated with colorectal cancer

lynch disease

the most common histology of anal cancer is

squamous cell

The primary treatment option for colorectal cancer is

surgery

in which portion of the pancreas do the greatest number of pancreatic cancers arise

head

the most common histology of pancreatic cancer is

adenocarcinoma

pancreatic tumors in the body and tail of the pancreas are more likely to obstruct the biliary system, leading to jaundice

false

the treatment of choice for colorectal cancer is

surgery

motion occurring between treatment fractions is termed

interfraction motion

What condition is considered a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and is described as an abnormal change in the cells of the lower portion of the esophagus in which the normal stratified squamous epithelium is replaced by simple columnar epithelium

barrett's esophagus

a Pancoast is a tumor in which anatomical area of the lung

apex

Generally, a normal prostate specific antigen (PSA) value for men as _, although the value may be adjusted for age

4.0 NG/mL

The benefit of proton beam therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer include

Minimum entrance dose, Peak dose at depth, Rapid dose fall off after peak

The urinary bladder is treated with the initial phase of full dose external beam radiation therapy. The entire bladder is generally treated; the patient should be instructed to ______ ______ prior to

empty bladder

Which of the following is a chemotherapy agent commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer, which is known to be cardiac toxic

doxorubicin

Which using a water bath to provide dose homogeneity by compensating for the regular surface with tissue

penile

What is the most common form of bladder cancer?

transitional cell

What is the most common symptom of testicular cancer?

painless mass

The majority of prostate cancers are

adenocarcinoma

Which treatment field arrangement is used to increase the mid axillary dose to the prescribed level and some breast cancer patients

PAB

When consider considering a lateral diagram or radiograph of the male pelvis, the prostate gland is located to the bladder

inferior

Which of the following is a primary risk factor for testicular cancer?

cryptorchidism

During the planning process for prostate cancer, the most accurate way to define the inferior border of the prostate field is

retrograde urethrogram

The type of breast cancer which presents with extensive lymphatic permeation, peak d' orange appearance, erythematous skin, and diffuse thickening of the skin

inflammatory carcinoma

The use of the slant or breast board which places the patient in a slightly inclined position during the treatment of breast cancer serves to

Level the patient to compensate for the slope of the sternum and chest wall allowing for a more homogeneous dose distribution

The most common presentation of early stage breast cancer

painless mass

Ductal carcinoma in situ is classified as stage

0

Which of the following refers to the lymph node that is primarily drainage of a specific anatomic area

sentinel node

Tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor may be used as a form of endocrine or hormone therapy for patients whose tumors are

ER/PR positive

The _ greeting system used to indicate the aggressiveness of prostate cancer based on the degree of cellular differentiation

gleason score

The most common type of germ cell testicular cancer is

seminoma

Herceptin is an example

monoclonal antibody

The most common histology of invasive breast cancer in the US is

invasive ductal carcinoma

Which of the following is least likely to be used in the curative management of prostate cancer

chemo

Which cancer of the male genitourinary system has the highest incidence

bladder

In breast or radiation, a supraclavicular field will be in evidence of extracapular tumor extension, or if the axillary node dissection reveals that ____ or more lymph nodes are positive for cancer

4

What is the standard dose delivered to the tumor bed via whole breast tangential treatment?

46-50 Gy

The supraclavicular field for breast cancer radiation may include a gantry angle of 10 to 15° where the gantry rotates towards the _ side to decrease exposure to the spinal cord and esophagus

unaffected

The most common site of breast cancer reoccurrence is in the

close proximity of the tumor bed

When treating prostate fields that include the pelvic lymph nodes, what dose should be delivered to the nodes

45-50 Gy

Which procedure is the standard for diagnosing prostate cancer?

Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy

A treatment technique that is characterized by the placement of radioactive sources directly into a tumor or tumor bed best defines

interstitial brachytherapy

Which of the following is not considered a prognostic factor for prostate cancer?

karnofsky

Which of the following is not considered a primary organ at risk in the treatment planning process of prostate cancer

small bowel

Which male genitourinary cancer may be treated with a hockey stick field design

testicular cancer

The lower border of the breast extends to which ribs

6th

For an axillary dissection to be considered adequate what is the minimum number of lymph nodes that must be sampled

10