Biochemistry: DNA to Protein

Summer week one review

Nucleic acids consist of 3 components

a pentose, a pu or oy base, and a phosphate group

what positions in pentose have hydroxy group?

1, 3, 5 when sugar is on its own

how to components of nucleic acid attach to the 3 hydroxy sites?

The 1 position where the base goes.
The 3 position where the chain of nucleic acid will extend from.
The 5 position where Phosphate group is located and where the 3 position of the previous nucleic acid attaches to the 5 position of the next nucleic acid via a phosphodiester bond

what differenciates RNA from DNA nucleic acid base?

Ribose (RNA) has an additional OH in C#2 (after the base). Deoxy does not

purines

two rings, A, G

pure AG, like silver

pyrimidines

CUT the Py, one ring

Adenine

Two rings with amine group

guanine

two rings, no amine carbonyl group

Cytosine

one ring, amine group

uracil

one ring, no amine but carbonyl

Thymine

one ring, carbonyl, 2-methyl

nucleoside vs nucleotide

s (no phosphate on C’5) comes before t (added P on C’5)

T/ F: All nucleotides can come only in a monophosphate (AMP)

F, All nucleotides can come in a monophosphate (AMP), di-phosphate (ADP), or triphosphate (ATP) forms.

What direction to read DNA

5’ to 3’