APUSH TERMS / CONCEPTS

social darwinism

cultural supeririortiy — the strongest eat the weak — rich eat the poor

what were arguments of anti-imperialism?

violated the principles of freedom and self government the us was founded on and could tangle the us in unnecessary wars

pro-imperialism arguments?

access new markets and raw materials, which would boost trade &
social darwinism

affects of spanish american war

global imperial power, increased us military presence

problems the progressives tried to solve? with solutions

political corruption,

• 17th amendment

unsafe working conditions

• state labor laws — esp to child and women labor

• workplace safety regulations

• IWW and AFL — better wages

, corporate monpolies and economic inequality,

• anti trust laws — the clayton antitrust act

public health and urban poverty

• tenement houses

• jacob riis - photos on the living conditions

• public health movement

• pure food and drug act , meat inspection act after Upton Sinclair the Jungle

how did the us change after ww1?

1. economic grwoht — supplying weapons and food to the allies

2. social changes — government larger role in economy, war industries board, african americans migrated, women enter work (start for 19th amendment)

3. rise of isolutionism — rejection of the league of nations, avoiding entanglemetns in europe and other foreign

war industries board

a government agency est during ww1 for the production and distribiution of war materials

1920s new inventions and impact of each

1. assembly line — production was faster and cheaper, mas production allowed goods to be sold at a national level

2. rise of big business — carnegie steel and standard oil — allowd businesses to control entire industries,massive monopolies

3. urbanization and job growth — people were migrating to cities for work, changed how american lived

red scare

fear of communism, and fear of immigrants trying to overthrow the government, —- mass arrests

causes of the great depression

bank failures and overproduction — unpaid loans

stock market crash — buying stocks on loaned money (margin)

effects for the great depression

mass unemployemtn and poverty

expansion of govenment intervention — the new deal

CCC

jobs for young unemployed men to work on environmental conservation projects like planting trees or parks

problems the new deal wanted to resolve

mass unemployment — wpa

banking collapse — fdic

agricultural overproduction and farmer poverty — aaa

lack of social safety nets — social security act

wpa

works progress administration to provide jobs and focused on work like roads and public buildings

fdic

federal deposti insurance corp — ensures deposits in banks and savings in the event of a bank failure

aaa

agricultural adjustment act

paying farmers to reduce their production of certain crops to limit overproduction

social security act

fedeal safety net for the elderly or unemployed or disabled

— providing retirement income and unemployment benefits to eligible individuals.

why did the us wait so long to enter ww2

they had policies of neutrality and isolationism, focusing on domestic issues such as the Great Depression and reluctant to become entangled in European conflicts until the attack on Pearl Harbor.

how did the us change after ww2?

end of the great depression, rise of military industrial complex, women in the workforce

with men off fighting, women entereted indsurtrial jobs which changed gender roles,

with the extra wartime production it gave millions of new jobs

mashall plan

provided economic aid to western europe after ww2

afl

american federation of labor — labor union that helped advocate for better wages

iww

industrial workers of the world

labor organization that sought to organize workers along the lines of indsutrial unions

= also helped advocate for better working conditions and wages

jacob riis

how the other half lives — exposed the condition of living in photos

upton sinclar

the jungle — led to the pure food and drug act and the meat inspection act

tenement house

apartment buildings that were built to house working class immigrant families

levittown

mass produced hmes that cut expenses and construction time — each had a tv

policies to contain communism?

1. containment

2. cia - counter communist influence

3. truman doctrine — pledged us support to countres resisting communist infleunce

mccarthyism

practice of accusing people of disloyalty or subversion of being communist — gained prominence in the early 1950s, particularly during Senator Joseph McCarthy's investigations.

why did the red scare happen?

The Red Scare occurred due to widespread fear of communism in the United States, fueled by events such as the Russian Revolution, the rise of the Soviet Union, and espionage cases like the Rosenbergs, leading to paranoia and aggressive anti-communist actions.

effects of the red scare

HUAC and the Hollywood Ten led to blacklisting, fear, and repression of dissent, impacting civil liberties and creating a culture of suspicion.

interstate highway act (after ww2)

authorized the consutrctiob of the interstate highway system to improve national defense and facilitate commerce, leading to significant economic growth and suburban expansion.

contect for the african american civil rights movemnet

jim crow laws — legal segregation, KKK , and economic ineqaulity

racism and discrimination in the south esp

how groups struggled for civil rights

montgomery bus boycott, sit in movement, march on washington, freedom rides, lobbying

brown v board of education

segregation in public schools was unconstitutional This landmark Supreme Court case in 1954 declared that racial segregation in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, effectively overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

motgomergy bus boycott

rosa parks refused to gibe up her seat to a white person and this started a movmenet led by dr martin luther king jr

sit in movement

college students staged sit ins at lunch refusing to leave until they were served — organzied by sncc

sncc

student nonviolent coordinating committee — supporting nonviolent campigns against racial segregation

causes of the us involvement in the vietnam war

1. containment/domino theory - wanted to prevent vietnam from becoming a communist country

2. support for south vietnma — provided military aid to the south and led to sending troops

why did americans not support the vietnam war

1. loss in public trust of the govenemtn — live tv coverage , pentagon papers, vietnam syndrome, and cautious about getting involved in foreign affairs

2. wasnt their fight — lied about the status of the war and high casulaties

3. SDS was a leading student org against the war

• knt state shootings

sds

students for a democratic society — against the war because they are the ones who would have to be drafted next

great society

domestic programs launched by president johnson to eliminate poverty and racial injustice in the United States through various social initiatives and reforms.

great society programs

medicare — health insuranced for americans 65 or older

head start — offered early childhood education health servuces and nutrtion programs

how did women struggle for civil rights

women had NOW to advocate for gnder inequality esp workplace rights , ERA was not passed by enough states and women faced societal challenges and discrimination that hindered progress towards equality in various aspects of life.

now

national orgnaization for women — promote feminsit ideasl and achieve equal rights

cesar chavez

organized prfotests with UFW by organizing farmworkers boyciotts working for better wages — used nonvioeltn strikes and nationwide boycotts

how did lgbtq sturggle for civil rights

stonewall uprising — several days of protests — birth of modern lgbtq rights movment

policies related to the environemtn

epa — enfroce federal regulation over pollution

clean air act — pollution control tech , strengthened air pollution laws, industries had to follow

watergate scandal

major political scandal involving President Nixon's administration, leading to his resignation in 1974 — planting bugs and wires in Democratic National Committee headquarters.

economic and tech change over time ?

manufacturing to service based economy — rising tech less jobs towards manufacturing

income inequality — increased productivityh but hgih paying jobs for specifalized sectors so many unskilled wokrers were left behind

causes for domestic and internatioanl challenges

9/11 terrorist attacks - fear of terrorism and led to war on terror

2008 financial crisis — triggered by banking practices and the collapsed of the hosuing market — job losses

war on terror

A global military campaign led by the United States and its allies following the 9/11 attacks, aimed at eliminating terrorist organizations and preventing future attacks. The campaign includes military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, counterterrorism initiatives, and various international collaborations to enhance global security.

muckrakers

journalists and novelists who exposed corruption and abuses in government and big businessduring the Progressive Era, leading to reforms and increased public awareness.

bering land bridge

connected eurasia and north america but when it heated up sea levels rose turning into bering straight