bio lab 10: Animal Diversity II

What phylum does Ascaris belong to?

nematoda

Key characteristics of nematodes?

Unsegmented, cylindrical body, pseudocoelom, complete digestive tract

What is the cuticle? (ascaris)

Tough outer protective layer

Epidermis function? (ascaris)

Secretes the cuticle

Mouth location/function? (ascaris)

Anterior; ingestion

Anus function/location? (ascaris)

Posterior; waste elimination

Anterior vs Posterior? (ascaris)

Anterior = head end, Posterior = tail end

What is a pseudocoelom?

Fluid-filled body cavity not fully lined with mesoderm

Intestine function?

Digestion and nutrient absorption

Lateral lines?

Contain nerves and excretory canals

Muscle type? (ascaris)

Longitudinal only (causes thrashing motion)

Vas deferens function?

Transports sperm

Seminal vesicle function?

Stores sperm

Uterus function?

Holds fertilized eggs

Vagina function

Receives sperm

Oviducts function?

Transport eggs

Ovaries function?

Produce eggs

What phylum do crayfish belong to?

Arthropoda

Key traits of arthropods?

Jointed appendages, segmented body, exoskeleton

Body regions? (arthropoda)

Head, thorax, abdomen

Carapace (arthropoda)

Hard shell covering cephalothorax

Rostrum (arthropoda)

Pointed extension of carapace

Antennae function? (arthropoda)

: Sensory (touch, smell)

Eyes

Compound vision

Chelipeds (arthropoda)

Claws for defense/feeding

Walking legs?

Movement

Swimmerets (arthropoda)

Swimming/reproduction

Tail function? (arthropoda)

Rapid backward movement

Exoskeleton

protection and support

Gills

Gas exchange

Heart

Pumps hemolymph

Stomach

Mechanical/chemical digestion

Brain

Controls nervous system

Ventral nerve cord?

Nerve signaling

Green glands? (arthropoda)

Excretion/osmoregulation

Digestive glands?

Enzyme production

Intestine

Nutrient absorption

Flexor muscles?

curl abdomen

Dorsal vs Ventral?

Dorsal = back, Ventral = belly

What phylum does the grasshopper belong to?

Arthropoda

Body regions? (arthropoda)

Head, thorax, abdomen

Spiracles (arthropoda)

Openings for respiration

Antennae

Sensory

Compound eyes?

Detect movement and images

Forewings vs hindwings? (arthropoda)

Forewings = protection, Hindwings = flight

Legs function? (arthropoda)

Jumping and movement

What phylum does a sea star belong to?

Echinodermata

What is the water vascular system?

Hydraulic system used for movement, feeding, gas exchange

Madreporite function? (echinodermata)

Entry point for water into system

Tube feet function? (echinodermata)

Movement, feeding, attachment

Oral vs Aboral surface? (echinodermata)

Oral = underside (mouth), Aboral = top

Central disk? (echinodermata)

Center of body

Arms (echinodermata)

Extensions used for movement/feeding

Ambulacral grooves? (echinodermata)

Channels for tube feet

Spines (echinodermata)

Protection (endoskeleton)

Epidermis

Outer layer

Stomach (echinodermata)

Digestion (can evert outward)

Digestive glands?

Enzyme secretion

Gonads (echinodermata)

Produce gametes

Ampullae (echinodermata)

Control tube feet movement

What phylum does the lancelet belong to?

Chordata

Four main chordate features?

Notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail

Notochord (chordata)

Flexible support rod

Dorsal nerve cord? (chordata)

Runs along back

Post-anal tail? (chordata)

Extends beyond anus

Pharynx (chordata)

Feeding/filtering region

Gill slits? (chordata)

Filter feeding openings

Gill bars? (chordata)

Support slits

Atriopore (chordata)

Exit for water

Tentacles (chordata)

Filter particles

Segmented muscles? (chordata)

Movement

Dorsal fin? (chordata)

Stabilization