global change ecology exam 2

drawdown

point in time when levels of GHG in the atmosphere begin to steadily decline

reduce sources, support sinks, improve society

what are the 3 connected areas that call for global action

26-34%

what percent of GG emission come from food systems

land use change

what makes up a larger position of GHG emissions in food systems

direct air carbon capture and storage

how can we shift more C back into the slow cycle

particulate matter, ground level ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen compounds, toxic air pollutants, heavy metals, greenhouse gases

what are the 7 forms of atmospheric pollution

particulate matter

categorized by size, big concern for human health, atm deposition- precipitation, particles aerosols, and gases from atm to earth’s surface, can settle on plant leaves, reducing photosynthesis, growth, and productivity

sulfur dioxide

contributes to acid rain, sulfur gas only lasts 5 days in atm, annual flux of S thru atm rivals atm exchange of N, rapidly oxidized to sulfate, condensation nuclei for clouds, make atm more acidic to form acid rain

coal-fired power plants

by the mid-1970s, what was acid rain linked to

80%

what percent of stove-related methane emissions are from loose couplings and fittings between stove and gas lines

true or false

true or false: the amount of leaked methane every year in US homes is approximately the same climate change effect as CO2 from 500 k gasoline powered cars

NO2

what is another gas that stoves leak that has long term exposure effects to human respiratory tracts, chronic lung disease, and increased severity of asthma

combustion from cars and stationary sources like electric utilities

sources of NO2 pollution

ozone

molecule composed of 3 oxygen atoms, colorless and odorless, present in stratosphere and troposphere, photolysis by sunlight of NO2 and O

ozone depletion potential (ODP)

reduction of ozone concentration in the stratosphere, occurs when ozone depleting substances catalyze ozone destroying reactions, first noticed by scientists in 1970, does NOT contribute to climate change

halon 1301 then CFC12

what substance has the highest ODP

N2O

what is most likely to become the largest contributor to ODP in the 21st century

agriculture and fuel combustion

what are the main anthropogenic emissions of N2O

photodissociation

UV splits O2 into O

ozone hole

extensive localized losses, mostly at the Arctic and Antarctic (most severe) but not only at the poles, polar moles due to polar stratospheric clouds and isolation of air masses there in winter that provide surface for reaction to occur, antarctic is below the formation temp

montreal protocol

international treaty to limit production and use of ozone depleting substances, ratified in 1987 and enforced in 1989 by the UN, phased out harmful substances and phased in replacements (HFCs)

nutrient recycling and soil enrichment, habitat diversity and biodiversity enhancement, stimulating seed germination, pest and disease control, reduction of fuel loads and prevention of catastrophic fires, improved forage and habitat for wildlife

what are the main effects of fire

fire adapted ecosystems

enhanced flammability due to retention of fine dead branches, fine biomass, flammable compounds, post fie seed germination, growth and flowering