Blood Typing Antigens and Membrane Proteins
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5 Terms
What molecules determine blood type in humans?
Blood type is determined by specific carbohydrate chains attached to glycoproteins and glycolipids on red blood cell surfaces.
How do the A, B, and O blood group antigens differ structurally?
Type A antigen has an N-acetylgalactosamine residue, type B antigen has a galactose residue, and type O lacks an additional sugar on the base H antigen.
What antibodies are present in each blood type?
Type A blood has anti-B antibodies, type B has anti-A antibodies, type AB has no antibodies, and type O has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
Which blood types can each group safely receive from?
Type A can receive A or O blood, type B can receive B or O, type AB can receive from all types, and type O can only receive from type O.
What is the molecular basis for blood type incompatibility?
Incompatibility arises when antibodies in the recipient’s plasma recognize foreign carbohydrate antigens on donor red cells, causing agglutination.
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