bio stat data presentation nmu

data presentation is arranged in 3 types

data presentation is arranged in 3 types

text presentation

tabular presentation

graphical presentation

when you should do text presentation of the data

when the quantitative information that is conveyed consists of 1 or 2 numbers

there are how many types of tables and name them

4 types

1 frequency table

2 association table

3 correlation table

4 master table

principles of designing tables are 8

1) Should be numbered e.g. table 1, table 2, etc.

2) Should have a title: brief and self-explanatory

3) Clear and concise headings of columns or raws.

4) Data should be presented according to size, importance, chronologically, alphabetically or geographically.

5) Percentage (and numbers) or means to be compared should be placed closely.

6) Of suitable size.

7) Raws, columns and grand totals should be written.

8) Foot notes may be given to provide explanatory notes or additional information.

steps to cinstruct a simple frequency table are 5

1) Define the highest and the lowest value of data.

2) Define the range (range = highest minus lowest values).

3) Choose the number of classes which depends on: number of observations (the greater the number, the more the classes) and regularity of data distribution (more regulation distribution, the more the classes). Usually number of classes ranges from 5-20 classes.

4) Class interval of equal width. Class interval = range/number of classes.

5) Construct the simple frequency table of three columns: class, tally and frequency, from which the tally is discarded.

in relative frequency table each class contains ?

the sum of relative frequencies is ?

each class contains a proportion of the total frequency

the sum of relative frequencies is 100%

correlation table

Shows the relationship between two quantitative variable. It gives idea whether there is negative or positive association between two variables in the same group

ACF and DCF are acronym for ? اختصار ل ايه يعني

ascending cumulative frequency

descending cumulative frequency

how are frequencies accumulated in ACF and DCF

in ACF frequencies are acumulated in a “less than” basis

in DCF frequencies are acumulated in a “more than” basis

association table

شبه اللي بناخده من اول السنه

master table contains what ?

Data which can be presented in numerous smaller tables is presented in one table only. It gives maximum inforamtion at a glance. Mater table should be differentiated from master sheet which containd the raw data (variables) for all studied population arranged in columns (variables) and raws (individuals)

graphical presentation is classified into 7 types

1. Pictogram

2. Pie chart

3. Bar Chart

4. Histogram

5. Scatter diagram

6. Box and whisker chart

7. Others

cartogram is

maps my man

pie (cycle)a pie chart disadvantage

is that it can only represent one variable. You will therefore need a separate pie chart for each variable you want to chart.

an alternative to the pie chart for a nominal variable

bar chart

when is grouped bar chart used

when there are more than one group

in component (proportional) bars

are stacked on top of each other

instead of appearing side by side the bars are stacked on top of each others in which graphical representation

components (proportional) bars

line graph explain structure

• A line graph connects individual data points that, typically, display quantitative values over a specified time interval. (value over time)

• Line graphs consist of two axes: x-axis (horizontal) and y-axis (vertical), graphically denoted as (x,y).

line graph are used in investing because they are

quite informative and allow the user to visualized trends

line graph most common function is ?

to create a graphical depiction of changes in values over time

line graph uses in finance

In finance, line graphs are used to create visual representations of values over time, including changes in the prices of securities.

line graph مزايا مش لاقي كلمه مناسبه

informative

allow user to visualize trends

a histogram is ?

a graph of the frequency distribution of a continuous variable

what does a histogram use to represent the number of observation for each class interval in the distribution

it uses adjoining columns

what does a histogram looks like and why

سؤال رخم غير واقعي بالمره بس يلزمني الهدف انك تحفظ الرابطه بين الجملتين وكدا كدا بعيد جدا يسالك علي معلومتين بيظهرو ورا بعض في سؤال

it looks like a bar chart but without any gaps between adjacent bars

to emphasize the continuous nature of the variable

similarity between histogram and pie chart

both can only represente one variable

one limitation of the histogram is ?

it can represent only one variable at a time (like the pie chart)

scatter diagram looks and stuff like that

scatter (x,y) plot has points that show the relationship between two sets of data

what graphical representation can read non parametric data and what is the other name of non parametric data

box and whisker shart

other name for non parametric data is skewed data

the central rectangle (box) represent what and what is the name of that what :)

represent data from the fisrt quartile to the 3rd quartile

its name is the interquartile range (inter معناها بين

quartile معناها ارباع فا اللي بين الارباع اكيد الاتنين اللي فالنص )

تاني حاجه هو اصلا اسمه كله box and whisker chart

فا بوكس دا اللي هو ال interquartile range

و whisker يعني الخط اللي طالع من النص فوق وتحت انا هحط معاه صوره عشان بس تتخيل شكله

فا الويسكر دا بيكون حدوده عند اقل رقم واكبر رقم

what are the 5 values that the box and whisker chart represent

minimum

first quartile

median

thirq quartile

max value

لما تشوف الصوره هتقول امال فين ال mean

ال mean يا صديقي

بيبقي في نص الجراف بالظبط فا اكيد اكيد مش هتحتاج تكتبه لانه كدا كدا موجود

وفي بعض الجرافات مش بيكتبوه فا رجعت في كلامي هو مش كدا كدا موجود

بس اذا وجد انت مش هتحتاج تدور علي قيمته

the whiskers above and below the box show ?

location of the mininmum and maximum values