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These flashcards cover key concepts and details about Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for schizophrenia, its effectiveness, limitations, and methods for patient empowerment.
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What is the core aim of CBT for schizophrenia?
To help patients identify and challenge irrational thoughts (delusions) and reality-test hallucinations, thereby changing their maladaptive thinking and behavior to reduce symptom severity and prevent relapse.
How does the 'Hot Cross Bun' model aid in CBT?
It expands the focus to include Physical Sensations alongside thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, which helps patients recognize and discuss intense physical sensations.
What are 'Behavioral Experiments' in CBT for schizophrenia?
Personal experiments where the client tests the reality of their delusions rather than just verbal challenges from the therapist, using collected evidence to debunk false beliefs.
What key evidence supports CBT's effectiveness from NICE?
NICE (2014) found CBT reduced symptom severity, improved psychosocial functioning, and decreased hospital stays by an average of 8.26 days for up to 18 months.
How does Kuipers et al. (1997) demonstrate a key strength of CBT?
They found that drug-resistant patients improved with CBT, showing it as a valuable alternative or addition for those who do not respond to medications.
What is a major limitation of CBT according to McKenna & Kingdon (2014)?
CBT was only superior in 2 out of 9 methodologically rigorous studies, suggesting its effectiveness may not be as robust as claimed by organizations like NICE.
How does 'Behavioral Activation (BA)' specifically help with negative symptoms?
BA addresses motivational deficits by using a structured rewarding process for positive behaviors, requiring less verbal abstraction than traditional CBT.
What is the 'Hawthorne Effect' criticism of CBT?
Critics argue that benefits may arise from the non-specific, supportive relationship with the therapist rather than from specific CBT techniques.
What is a key argument against the Hawthorne Effect criticism?
CBT's long-term efficacy suggests it's more than just temporary support; it equips patients with coping strategies and self-management skills.
Why is CBT often considered a 'complementary' treatment, not a replacement for drugs?
For patients with severe psychosis, cognitive capacity is often too impaired for rational dialogue; antipsychotic medication is necessary to stabilize their condition first.
How does CBT empower patients compared to drug therapy?
CBT is active and empowering, giving patients skills to manage their condition long-term, while drug therapy is passive and can create dependency.