Language and Literacy Challenges

Flashcards summarizing key terms and concepts related to language and literacy challenges, particularly focusing on learning disabilities, early literacy, and interventions.

Learning disabilities

Conditions that affect one's ability to acquire knowledge or skills, often not directly related to spoken language.

Language-Learning Disabilities (LLD)

Disabilities that impact the ability to understand or use spoken or written language.

Dyslexia

A learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading due to issues identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words.

Emergent Literacy

The development of skills and knowledge related to print and sound before formal reading and writing instruction.

Phonological awareness

The ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in speech, including phonemes, syllables, and rhymes.

Focused stimulation

An intervention strategy providing naturalistic contexts that expose children to multiple examples of a grammatical target.

Conversational recast intervention

An intervention technique where a clinician responds to a child's initiations by recasting them in a more complex grammatical form.

Personal Narratives

Stories that children tell about their own experiences, which can include accounts, recounts, and eventcasts.

Cognitive and social skills development

Skills that develop in the context of play, including functional, symbolic, and dramatic play.

Supporting narrative development

Strategies to assist children in building narratives, including content, framework, linguistic grammar, and cognitive processing.

Decontextualization

The process of moving language use from a context where it is grounded in immediate experience to a context where it needs to be understood without those cues.

Idioms, metaphors, and similes

Forms of non-literal language that can pose challenges for children with language impairments.

Metacognition

Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes, crucial for school success.

Higher-level syntax

More complex sentence structures used by typically developing children that facilitate nuanced storytelling and exposition.

Scaffolded sentence structure

Providing support to help students develop complex sentences, often through guided practice and feedback.

Intersentential growth

The development of skills that connect ideas across multiple sentences, important for comprehension.