Biology Midterm Reviewer (copy)

Plant Cell

Smallest working unit with the size of 5 to 7 inches

Polysaccharides

Consist of many monosaccharides linked together with glycosylic bonds

Two Monosaccharides

How many monosaccharides hydrolyzed disaccharides ?

Histology

Study of Tissue

Tissue

Group of Cells that have **similar** structure and function

Simple & Complex Tissue

Two main types of **permanent** tissue

Apical, Lateral, Intercalary

Three types of Merismatic/Meristematic tissue

Polymers

Other term for **chain**

Carbohydrates

Main source of energy in our body

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Ribonucleic Acid

Two types of Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acid

The 4th type of Biochemical Macromolecules

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic

Two types of Cell

Prokaryotic

One-celled organisms

Eukaryotic

Contains organelles surrounded by cell membrane

Ribosomes

Sights of Protein Synthesis

Vacuoles

Bubble-like storage vessel

Cell Wall

Stiff outer covering of the plant cell

Nucleus

Control Center of the cell

Chloroplast

Store Chlorophyll and use in photosynthesis

4 atoms

How many atoms are in a Carbon

Macromolecules

Also called as “Supermolecules”

Collenchyma

Gives flexibility and allows easy bending in different types of stem leaves

1. Determine the Problem
2. Make a Hypothesis
3. Test your Hypothesis
4. Analyze the Results
5. Draw the Conclusion

Five Steps of Scientific Method

* Adipose
* Areolar
* Blood
* Bone
* Cartilage
* Ligaments
* Tendon

Seven Types of Connective Tissue (Alphabetical/Ascending)

Experiment

Organize to produce **testing hypothesis**

Single Variable

Keep other factors as constant

Control Variable

Standard for Comparison

Applied Science/Technology

Practical application for scientific knowledge

Pure Science

Has no practical use

1. Identify the problem
2. Plan a Strategy
3. Execute your plan
4. Evaluate your results

Steps of Problem Solving

Dependent & Independent

Two types of Experimental Design

Plasma/Cell Membrane

Outer Membrane of the cell

Trillion

Number of cells in our brain

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like membrane between nucleus and cell membrane

Mitochondria/Cytoskeleton

Give mechanical supports of the cell.

Permanent Tissue

Do not divide and have a permanent shape and size

Chlorenchyma

Parenchyma

Sclerenchyma

Three types of Simple Permanent Tissue

Parenchyma

Type of Permanent Tissue that contains chloroplast and prepare food for photosynthesis

Xylem

Responsible for the conduction of water and minerals from roots and leaf stem

* Striated
* Nonstriated / Unstriated
* Cardiac

Three types of Muscle Tissue(Descending/Alphabetical)

Epithelial

Covering or protective tissue in the animals

Columnar

Consist of tall pillar like cells

Connective Tissue

Helps movement of the body

Tendons

Fibrous tissue which joins muscle to bones

Adipose Tissue

Storage for fats

Areolar

Repairs the tissue

* Platelets
* Red-blood cell
* White-blood Cell

Three types of plasma

Ligaments

Flexible tissues that joins bones together and help in movements

Nerve Cells

Another term for neurons

Nervous Tissue

Helps to carry message from one part of the body to another

Meristematic Tissue

Found in the growing region of the plants

Bones

Hard and strong tissue that is the framework of the body

Muscle Fibre

Consist of elongated cells

Neurons

Contains Nucleus and Cytoplasm

Isomers

Same molecular formula but different structure

Anti-bodies

Protective protein produce by your immune systems

Collenchyma

Gives strength and hardness to the plant tree

Sclerenchyma

They give mechanical support to the plants

Scientific Method

Process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experiments

Squamous

Thin flat cell