United States Government and Politics: chapters 3 & 4

The authorities and responsibilities granted to the U.S. federal government by the Constitution (Article I, Section 8)

National Powers

The powers and responsibilities that belong to individual state governments in a federal system (federalism) (10th Amendment)

State Powers

Things both levels of government are allowed to do (like collect taxes, build roads, make laws for public safety, etc.)

Shared Powers

Favors strong federal (national) government power over the states

Nationalist position on the powers of the federal government

favors more power for individual states rather than the federal government

States' Rights position on powers of the federal government

First Amendment

Protects the freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

Second Amendment

Guarantees the right to keep and bear arms.

Third Amendment

Prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent.

Fourth Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures and sets requirements for search warrants.

Fifth Amendment

Provides for the right to due process, prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy.

Sixth Amendment

Guarantees the right to a fair and speedy trial, an impartial jury, and the right to counsel.

Seventh Amendment

Ensures the right to a jury trial in civil cases.

Eighth Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

Ninth Amendment

Affirms that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution does not deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Tenth Amendment

Reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people.

Eleventh Amendment

Limits the ability of individuals to sue states in federal court.

Twelfth Amendment

Revises the procedure for electing the President and Vice President.

Thirteenth Amendment

Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude.

Fourteenth Amendment

Grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and guarantees equal protection under the law.

Fifteenth Amendment

Prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race.

Sixteenth Amendment

Allows the federal government to impose an income tax.

Seventeenth Amendment

Establishes the direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote.

Eighteenth Amendment

Prohibits the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages (later repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment).

Nineteenth Amendment

Grants women the right to vote.

Twentieth Amendment

Changes the dates of congressional and presidential terms.

Twenty-first Amendment

Repeals the Eighteenth Amendment, ending prohibition.

Twenty-second Amendment

Limits the President to two terms in office.

Twenty-third Amendment

Grants residents of Washington D.C. the right to vote in presidential elections.

Twenty-fourth Amendment

Prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal elections.

Twenty-fifth Amendment

Establishes procedures for presidential succession and disability.

Twenty-sixth Amendment

Lowers the voting age to 18 years.

Twenty-seventh Amendment

Delays laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect until after the next election.

Specific powers given to the federal (national) government by the U.S. Constitution

enumerated powers

Powers the federal government is not directly given in the Constitution, but can use to carry out its listed (enumerated) powers

implied powers

Every state has to accept and respect the laws of other states

Full faith and credit

A state can't unfairly treat people from other states differently from its own residents.

Privileges and Immunities

A state or country sends a person back to another state or country to face legal charges or serve a sentence

Extradition

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