Studied by 13 people
Miescher
found a substance called nuclein in the nucleus. Collected pus-soaked bandages to find out what white blood cells were made up of
Griffith
Discovered transformation
Avery and McCartry
DNA had to be the substance that caused transformation
Hershey and Chase
determined that hereditary material of bacteriophages is made out of DNA
Bolvin and Venderly
discovered that any member of any individual species contain same DNA.
Mazia
DNA content does not change overtime. DNA is not involved in metabolism. DNA has a sole hereditary role
Chargaff
First Rule:The amounts of thymine and adenine are identical to the amounts of cytosine and guanine. Second Rule: DNA of different species differ in its ratio of adenine and guanine.
Franklin
Used x-ray to discover DNA is a long molecule that is in a repeating pattern every .034 and 3.4 nm
Watson and Crick
Built 3D models of DNA
What are the 3 parts each nucleotide is made up of
Phosphate group, Nitrogenous containing base(4 types), deoxyribose
How many strands does each DNA have
2
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases
Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine
Hydrogen Bond Role
Weakly connect the 2 strands and the nitrogenous bases
Covalent Bond Role
Connect the phosphate and sugar on the outside
What shape is DNA
double helix
what protein does the double helix wrap around
histone
what is the combination of DNA and histones called
nucleosome
what is the most condensed form of DNA
chromosome
what is a diploid
body cell that contains 2 sets of each chromosome
what is a haploid
sex cells that contain 1 set of each chromosome.
what to chromosomes consist of
2 sister chromatids and 1 centromere
what is a karyotype
an image of an individuals diploid set of chromosomes
autosome
chromosome that do not determine gender
sex chromosome
chromosome that determine individuals sex in certain species
xx is a?
female
xy is a?
male
Replication
a cell divides to reproduce, needs to copy its DNA so that each daughter cell contains a copy
what enzyme separates the double helix
helicase
what are primers?
attach to unwound strands
DNA polymerase
starts at the primers and begins to attach new base pairs following base pair rules
DNA ligase
known as the glue, joins the sugar-phosphate backbone in waps of “new” DNA
DNA has 2 ends that are_____?
Anti paralell
how do you know and strand is lagging.
okazaki fragments(little chuncks)
mutations
permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Note
Flashcard