Biology: Osmoregulation, Immune System, Nervous System, Synapses, Sensory Systems, Plant Growth, Reproduction, Respiratory System, Circulatory System

These flashcards cover key biological concepts related to osmoregulation, immune response, nervous system functionality, synaptic transmission, sensory perception, plant structure, reproduction, respiration, and circulatory system types.

Osmoregulation

The process by which organisms maintain water and electrolyte balance.

Hypertonic

A solution with a higher solute concentration compared to another solution.

Hypotonic

A solution with a lower solute concentration compared to another solution.

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and reabsorbs necessary substances.

Filtration

The process of separating solids from liquids or gases by a porous material.

Antigen

A substance that induces an immune response, particularly the production of antibodies.

B-cells

A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies as part of the immune response.

Action Potentials

Electrical impulses that transmit signals along neurons.

Glial Cells

Non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that support and protect neurons.

Chemical synapse

A type of synapse that uses neurotransmitters to transmit signals between neurons.

Mechanoceptors

Sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli, such as pressure or vibration.

Apical meristem

Tissue in plants responsible for primary growth and lengthening.

Endosperm

A tissue that provides nourishment to the developing embryo in seeds.

Countercurrent flow

A mechanism in which two fluids flow in opposite directions to enhance exchange rates.

Open circulatory system

A type of circulatory system where blood is not confined to vessels and bathes organs directly.

Closed circulatory system

A circulatory system in which blood is enclosed in vessels, distinct from the interstitial fluid.