Unit 6A: Social Reforms

Progressive Era

Period from 1890 to 1920 when reformers sought to address issues from the Gilded Age.

Urbanization

The increase in the population of cities due to migration and industrialization.

Muckrakers

Investigative journalists who exposed corruption, poverty, health hazards, and monopolies during the Progressive Era.

Social Gospel Movement

A movement embraced by middle-class Protestant Christians advocating for social reforms based on the teachings of Jesus.

Hull House

The first settlement house in Chicago created by Jane Addams to provide support for the poor.

Temperance Movement

A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

18th Amendment

Ratified in 1919, it outlawed alcohol in the United States.

19th Amendment

Ratified in 1920, it granted women the right to vote.

Suffrage

The right to vote in political elections.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The 1896 Supreme Court decision that upheld segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Niagara Movement

A protest movement in 1905 led by W.E.B. Du Bois advocating for civil rights and education for African Americans.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, formed in 1909 to address racial inequalities.

Child Labor Laws

Legislation aimed at regulating the employment of children to protect their rights and welfare.

Dry Counties

Counties in states that restrict the selling of alcohol.

Florence Kelley

A reformer who fought for child labor laws and women's working rights.

Frances Willard

A reformer and leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union who advocated for the temperance movement.

Carrie Nation

A radical member of the temperance movement, known for her attacks on saloons.

Jacob Riis

Muckraker known for his book 'How the Other Half Lives' that exposed urban poverty.

Ida Tarbell

Muckraker who wrote 'The History of Standard Oil' revealing the corrupt practices of Rockefeller.

Upton Sinclair

Author of 'The Jungle,' which exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

Women's Rights Movement

A social movement for women's suffrage and equality, particularly prominent during the Progressive Era.