LESSON 4: Cell Analysis

Stanley Miller

Oparin’s hypothesis ; mixture of inorganic compounds in a closed system

Aleksandr Oparin

proposed that organic molecules might have been assembled in the Earth’s primitive atmosphere in the presence of strong energy

Micrograph

image produced by a microscope

Magnification

is the measure of optical instruments for an object to appear than its actual size

Stereo Microscope

is used to examine the external structure of a specimen such as insects

Phase-contrast microscope

is used to examine highly transparent objects such as unstained cell

Electron microscope

uses streams of electrons to enlarge objects approximately 10,000,000x

Eukaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic

complex type of cell possessed by fungi, plants, animals and protists

Prokaryotic

pro - before, karyon nut ; simple organisms possessing small size, with simple structures ; bacteria, blue green algae, archaeans ; reproduce fasts, can be found in air, soil, water, even inside the body of living organisms.

Prokaryotic Cell

Plasma membrane

allow waste products to pass through while preventing the diffusion of essential products to the external environment

Cell wall

is rigid responsible formaintaining its shape

Ribosomes

where proteins are made

Cytoplasm

a gel-like substance making up cell’s internal environment

Cytoskeleton

organelles suspended in microscopic fibers

Cell membrane

serves as a barrier separating the cell from external environment ; secures the cell’s content ; gatekeeper

Nucleus

is the storehouse of genetic information in the form of DNA.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

an interconnected network of folded membranes, similar to those of the cell membrane

Golgi apparatus

layered stack of membrane-enclosed spaces

Vacuoles

fluid-filled sac for the storage of materialsneeded by cells that includes water, food molecules, inorganic ions and enzymes

Lysosomes

round shape membrane bound structure containing chemicals that can break materials in the cell

Mitochondria

supply energy to the cell ; round to oval organelles and two membranes

Cytoskeleton

framework of flexible network