Respiratory System Test

Muscles not controlled and moves on its own

Involuntary Muscles

Air moving into the lungs

Inhalation

Air moving out of the lungs

Exhaling

Air moving to nose and lungs. Including inhalation and exhalation.

External Respiration

Air moving to lungs to blood. Includes gas exchange.

Internal Respiration

respiratory system diagram

gas exchange diagram

Alveoli are damaged and lose stretchiness → can rupture as the air gets trapped → harder to breathe. Is caused by smoking.

Emphysema

Chronic inflammation of the bronchi that causes exhaling harder than inhaling; symptoms come and go. The treatment is Bronchodilators.

Asthma

Growth of cancerous cells/tumors in lungs. That causes shortness of breath, cough. Can be caused by smoking.

Lung Cancer

A bacterial infection, usually in lungs.Only 10% show active TB; bacteria can destroy lung tissue & spread.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Genetic disorder that creates thick, sticky mucus in organs. Traps bacteria → chronic infections. Has no cure, but treatments are improving.

Cystic Fibrosis

Breathing stops repeatedly during sleep due to blocked airways. Has symptoms of snoring, fatigue, interrupted sleep, morning headaches. Can be treated with CPAP/BiPAP masks, sometimes surgery.

Sleep Apnea

Collapsed lung due to air entering the space around the lung. Causes sudden chest pain, shortness of breath. Can be caused by injury, lung disease, or spontaneous. Can be treated with air removed with needle or chest tube.

Pneumothorax

Inflammation of the bronchi (airways). Can affect coughing, mucus production, shortness of breath. Often viral; can be bacterial. Treatments are rest, fluids, sometimes antibiotics if bacterial.

Bronchitis

Infection of the lungs → alveoli fill with fluid or pus. Can cause cough, fever, shortness of breath, chest pain. Can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Is treated by antibiotics (if bacterial), rest, fluids.

Pneumonia