Chapter 1: Exam 1

Evidence of common origin of life on earth

common set of chemical compounds, contain genetic info to develop function & reproduce, universal molecular code to build proteins, made up of cells, use molecules from enviro to synthesize new molecules, extract energy from enviro and use it to do work, regular internal environment

Nucleic acid

reproduce themselves and serve as a template for protein synthesis

Gregor Mendel

mid-1800s Austrian monk who discovered genes

Genes

discrete unit of genetic code that allows for traits to be inherited

Genome

total genetic code

internal environment

made up of extracellular fluid, homeostasic, requires sensory mechanisms effectors signaling mechanisms, monitors and regulates intracellular environment

homeostasis

physical and chemical composition must be kept within a narrow range

photosynthesis

transformation of sunlight into chemical energy to build molecules

photosynthesis influence of life on Earth

oxygen built up in atmosphere, caused extinction event, aerobic processes become more efficient leading to new avenues of evolution, ozone layer developed which blocked UV radiation and made life possible

Charles Darwin

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

Natural selection

changes in the natural world which can cause changes in populations based on the individual traits each individual has

Natural selection produces evolutionary change by...

leads to adaptations, favors individuals with advantageous traits which allows them to survive and breed more and pass of beneficial traits to their offpsring

populations

groups of same species individuals of the same type of organism that interbreed and live in a specific area at specific time

Species

group of organisms in which individuals can reproduce their progeny

adaptation

traits that increase survival and reproduction in future generations

Rosalind Franklin discovered...

double spiral of DNA, discovery stolen by Watson and Crick

Scientific method

make observation, ask question, form hypothesis(testable idea), make prediction, test prediction

controlled experiment

manipulate 1 factor while holding other variables constant

comparative experiment

compare data gathered from populations that differ in multiple ways

model organism usage

used to see if one type of organism can be generalized to other organisms

testable hypothesis

A prediction that has been formulated specifically enough so that it is clear what observations would confirm the prediction and what observations would challenge it.

reproducible hypothesis

evidence that shows its reproducible and quantifiable observations

climate change

long term changes of weather in a given area, BAD EFFECTS NOT GOOD. BAD BAD BAD

human contribution to climate change

producing too many green houses throw power generation, manufacturing, deforestation, using transportation (puts co2 in air) power, overconsumption, food production, anything fossil fuels are used for