AUBF RATIONALE

Which of the following is not an acceptable diluent for synovial fluid WBC count?

A. 3% acetic acid

B. 0.3% NaCl

C. Hypotonic saline

D. 1% saponin solution

A. 3% acetic acid

Which parameter will be primarily affected if the first portion of a semen specimen is not collected?

A. Viscosity

B. Sperm count

C. Sperm motility

D. pH

B. Sperm count

Clusters of bronchial epithelial cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and ciliated borders are seen in sputum samples from patients with?

A. Lung abscess

B. Anthracosis

C. Bronchial asthma

D. Lung cancer

C. Bronchial asthma

A needle-shaped synovial fluid crystal that appears yellow when aligned with the slow vibration and blue when opposite the slow vibration of the compensator is identified as:

A. MSU

B. CPPD

C. Apatite

D. Cholesterol

A. MSU

Which of the following FLM tests uses the platelet channel of a hematology analyzer?

A. Microviscosity

B. Amniostat-FLM

C. L/S ratio

D. Lamellar body count

D. Lamellar body count

Which of the following is useful in classifying a peritoneal effusion as a transudate?

A. F:S LD ratio > 0.6

B. F:S cholesterol ratio > 0.3

C. WBC count > 1, 000/µL

D. Serum:ascites albumin gradient >1.1

D. Serum:ascites albumin gradient >1.1

Which of the following is associated with chronic polyhydramnios?

A. Hydrops fetalis

B. Fetal heart failure

C. Fetal edema

D. Poor fetal swallowing

D. Poor fetal swallowing

The following may be used to differentiate chylous from pseudochylous materials except:

A. triglyceride measurement

B. cholesterol crystals

C. Sudan staining

D. hematocrit

D. hematocrit

Which of the following crystals is associated with osteoarthritis?

A. Calcium oxalate

B. Cholesterol

C. Corticosteroid

D. Basic calcium phosphate

D. Basic calcium phosphate

Which of the following fecal tests requires a patient to be on a meat-free diet for at least 3 days?

A. Guaiac FOBT

B. Immunochemical FOBT

C. Apt test

D. Trypsin screening

A. Guaiac FOBT

Blood-streaked amniotic fluid is observed in:

1. Traumatic tap

2. Abdominal trauma

3. Intraamniotic hemorrhage

4. Erythroblastosis fetalis

A. 1 and 3

B. 2 and 4

C. 1, 2, and 3

D. 1, 2, 3, and 4

C. 1, 2, and 3

About two-thirds of semen volume is produced in the?

A. Seminal vesicles

B. Vas deferens

C. Epididymis

D. Prostate gland

A. Seminal vesicles

A positive stool lactoferrin agglutination immunoassay indicates the presence of:

A. Fecal fats

B. rotavirus

C. Muscle fibers

D. Neutrophils

D. Neutrophils

What sperm function test should be ordered following an abnormal sperm motility test with a normal sperm count?

A. Neutral α-glucosidase test

B. Fructose level determination

C. Test for female antisperm antibodies

D. Eosin-nigrosin staining

D. Eosin-nigrosin staining

If serum albumin is 4.0 g/dL and the ascites albumin is 3.2 g/dL, the effusion is most likely?

A. Transudate due to cirrhosis

B. Exudate due to cirrhosis

C. Exudate due to peritonitis

D. Transudate due to peritonitis

C. Exudate due to peritonitis

Which of the following is consistent with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis?

A. Increased lymphocyte count ESCONDE

B. Positive India ink

C. Lactate >35 mg/dL

D. Increased glucose level

C. Lactate >35 mg/dL

The most representative type of stool specimen for quantitative fecal fat determination is:

A. 5-h stool

B. Random

C. First morning

D. 3-day stool

D. 3-day stool

An APT test that remains pink after addition of NaOH indicates the presence of:

A. Fetal blood

B. Maternal blood

C. Porphyrins

D. Denatured hemoglobin

A. Fetal blood

In the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency, stool is mixed with eosin to demonstrate:

A. Fecal neutrophils

B. Undigested muscle fibers

C. Vegetable fibers

D. Neutral fats

B. Undigested muscle fibers

Calculate the total sperm count given the following data: number of cells counted in 5 RBC squares per side = 95 and 85; volume = 3 mL; dilution = 1:20.

A. 90 million/mL

B. 270 million/mL

C. 90 million/mm3

D. 270 million/ejaculate

D. 270 million/ejaculate

Abnormalities in the acrosomal cap primarily affect:

A. Motility

B. Tail movement

C. Membrane integrity

D. Ovum penetration

D. Ovum penetration

Which of the following tests correlates with the severity of HDN?

A. ↑ A410 nm

B. A450 nm

C. OD650 nm

D. maternal serum AFP

B. A450 nm

A firm mucin clot in Ropes' test for synovial fluid indicates the presence of normal amounts of

A. Total protein

B. Fibrinogen

C. Hyaluronate

D. Uric acid

C. Hyaluronate

Which of the following is associated with eosinophilic pleocytosis in CSF?

A. Viral meningitis

B. Multiple sclerosis

C. Bacterial meningitis

D. Intracranial shunts

D. Intracranial shunts

The CSF tube that should be frozen when analysis will be delayed is

A. Tube 1

B. Tube 2

C. Tube 3

D. Tube 4

A. Tube 1

Which of the following should be added to the synovial fluid prior to the preparation of slide for differential count?

A. Sodium hydroxide

B. Hypotonic saline

C. Hyaluronidase

D. Acetic acid

C. Hyaluronidase

The highest percentage of synovial fluid neutrophils is associated with which type of arthritis?

A. Immunologic

B. Hemorrhagic

C. Septic

D. Noninflammatory

C. Septic

Which of the following cells predominate in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis?

A. Neutrophils

B. Plasma cells

C. Macrophages

D. Eosinophils

B. Plasma cells

Which of the following are likely to be seen in CSF following invasive diagnostic procedures?

A. Eosinophils

B. NRBCs

C. Erythrophages

D. Ependymal cells

D. Ependymal cells

Abnormalities in the midpiece of sperm cells primarily affect:

A. Motility

B. viability

C. Membrane integrity

D. Ovum penetration

A. Motility

Which of the following is used as a screening test for pancreatic insufficiency?

A. Apt test

B. Van de Kamer

C. Clinitest

D. Gelatin hydrolysis

D. Gelatin hydrolysis

Which of the following are likely to be seen in a BAL specimen following a recent alveolar hemorrhage?

A. Phagocytosed erythrocytes

B. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages

C. Charcot-Leyden crystals

D. All of these

A. Phagocytosed erythrocytes

Which crystal occurs as colorless needles in urine that tend to form bundles following refrigeration?

A. sulfonamide

B. radiographic dye

C. hippuric acid

D. ampicilin

D. ampicilin

Which of the following tests would be least affected on an unpreserved urine specimen allowed to stand for more than two hours?

A. protein

B. pH

C. glucose

D. bilirubin

A. protein

Which of the following crystals gives a red-purple color with cyanide nitroprusside?

A. cystine

B. calcium oxalate

C. uric acid

D. calcium sulfate

A. cystine

Which of the following are primarily associated with druginduced interstitial nephritis?

A. mononuclear cells

B. pus cells

C. eosinophils

D. dysmorphic RBCs

C. eosinophils

Which of the following substances are endogenous markers?

I. β₂-microglobulin

II. Creatinine

III. Cystatin C

IV. Insulin

A. I and III only

B. II and IV only

C. I, II, and III

D. II, III, and IV

C. I, II, and III

Dilute acetic acid was added to a turbid alkaline urine and after some time the urine became transparent. Which substance is most likely responsible for this observation?

A. Amorphous urate

B. Homogentisic acid

C. Amorphous phosphate

D. Bence-Jones protein

C. Amorphous phosphate

Which specific gravity reading is acceptable if 5% sodium chloride solution is used for calibrating refractometer?

A. 1.000

B. 1.015

C. 1.022

D. 1.035

C. 1.022

The characteristic black urine which results with exposure to air is seen in case of what condition?

A. Alkaptonuria

B. Melanuria

C. Indicanuria

D. Methemoglobinuria

B. Melanuria

An odorless urine can indicate which of the following disorders?

A. Diabetes Mellitus

B. Maple Syrup Urine Disease

C. Acute Interstitial Nephritis

D. Acute Tubular Necrosis

D. Acute Tubular Necrosis

In cases of hemolytic disorders, which of the following is detected within renal tubular epithelial cells?

A. Bilirubin

B. Hemoglobin

C. Hemosiderin

D. Uroerythrin

C. Hemosiderin

Blue-green color of urine may be caused by:

1. Clorets ingestion

2. Argyrol

3. Methocarbamol

4. Phenol derivatives

A. 1 and 3

B. 2 and 4

C. 1, 2, and 3

D. 1, 2, 3, and 4

A. 1 and 3

The absence of bilirubin in urine in the presence of elevated urobilinogen is most often associated with:

A. liver cirrhosis

B. viral hepatitis

C. hemolytic anemia

D. biliary obstruction

C. hemolytic anemia

The metachromatic staining test for mucopolysaccharides in urine utilizes:

A. azure A dye

B. CTAB

C. phenistix

D. nitrosonaphthol

A. azure A dye

Which of the following diseases results in the production and excretion of large amounts of homogentisic acid?

A. melanuria

B. tyrosinuria

C. alkaptonuria

D. maple syrup urine disease

C. alkaptonuria

Elevated urinary levels of 5-HIAA are associated with:

A. Hartnup disease

B. Argentaffinoma

C. Melanoma

D. Abnormal GI bacteria

B. Argentaffinoma

Which set of results in urine glucose testing would be consistent with high levels of ascorbic acid?

A. 1+ RST, negative Clinitest

B. 4+ RST, negative Clinitest

C. Positive RST, negative Clinitest

D. Negative RST, positive Clinitest

D. Negative RST, positive Clinitest

Which of the following colligative properties is not stated correctly?

A. The boiling point is raised by solute

B. The freezing point is raised by solute

C. The vapor pressure is lowered by solute

D. The osmotic pressure is raised by solute

B. The freezing point is raised by solute

Patients with diabetes insipidus tend to produce urine with:

A. Increased volume, decreased specific gravity

B. Increased volume, increased specific gravity

C. Decreased volume, increased specific gravity

D. Decreased volume, decreased specific gravity

A. Increased volume, decreased specific gravity

Identify the following crystals seen in the urine of a patient following ingestion of food preservatives containing benzoic acid

A. Triple phosphate

B. Calcium phosphate

C. Calcium sulfate

D. Hippuric acid

D. Hippuric acid

Trace the path of blood flow into and out of the nephrons:

I. Peritubular capillaries

II. Afferent arteriole

III. Vasa recta

IV. Efferent arteriole

V. Glomerular capillaries

A. II, V, I, III, IV

B. II, V, IV, I, III

C. IV, V, I, III, II

D. IV, V, II, I, III

B. II, V, IV, I, III

What color is observed when nitrosonaphthol reagents are added to urine containing 5-HIAA?

A. yellow

B. red

C. violet

D. blue-green

C. violet

Which of the following renal stones is associated with recurrent UTI and produces a staghorn pattern in radiologic films?

A. Whewellite

B. Cystine

C. Uric acid

D. Struvite

D. Struvite

Which of the following variables is not included in the original Cockcroft-Gault formula for creatinine clearance?

A. Weight in kilograms

B. Urine creatinine in mg/dL

C. Age of the patient

D. 0.85 correction factor for females

B. Urine creatinine in mg/dL

At which point in the nephron is glucose reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate?

A. PCT

B.

C.

D.

A.

B.

C.

D.

A.

B.

C.

D.

A.

B.

C.

D.

A.

B.

C.

D.