Unit 3 Vocab - AM/AZ Gov

Expressed powers

Those delegated powers of the National Government that are spelled out, expressly, in the Constitution

Implied powers

Those delegated powers of the National Government that are suggested by the expressed powers set out in the Constitution; those "necessary and proper" to carry out the expressed powers

Inherent powers

Powers that the Constitution is presumed to have delegated to the National Government because it is the government of a sovereign state within the world community

Reserved powers

Those powers that the Constitution does not grant to the National Government and does not, at the same time, deny to the states

Exclusive powers

Those powers that can be exercised by the National Government alone

Concurrent powers

Those powers that both the National Government and the States possess and exercise

Revenue sharing

Form of federal monetary aid under which Congress gave a share of federal tax revenue, with virtually no restrictions, to the States, cities, counties, and townships

Categorical grant

One type of federal grants-in-aid; made for some specific, closely defined, purpose

Block grant

One type of federal grants in aid for some particular but broadly defined area of public policy

Project grant

One type of federal grants-in-aid; made for specific projects to states, localities, and private agencies who apply for them

Cooperative Federalism

A flexible relationship between the federal and state governments in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs (marble cake)

Dual Federalism

A system of governance where the federal government and state governments each have clearly defined spheres of power (layer cake)

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Constitution's stipulation (Article IV, Section 2) that all citizens are entitles to certain "privileges and immunities," regardless of their State of residence' no State can draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those persons who happen to live in other States

Referendum

A process by which a legislative measure is referred to the State's voters for final approval or rejection

Initiative

A process in which a certain number of qualified voters sign petitions in favor of a proposed statute or constitutional amendment, which then goes directly to the ballot

Recall

A petition procedure by which voters may remove an elected official from office before the completion of their regular term

Mandate

The instructions or commands a constituency gives to its elected officials

Grants-in-aid

Program: Grants of federal money or other resources to States, cities, counties, and other local units

Commerce clause

The clause states that the United States Congress shall have power "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes."

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Constitution's requirement that each State accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State

Extradition

The legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to that State