324 exam 2

>

phylum

subphylum

class

order?

>

>

phylum

subphylum

class

order?

>

!

phylum

subphylum

class

order?

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

class: Cyclostomata

order?: Myxinformes

• horny teeth on tongue

• barbells (2)

• external gill slit (4)

• diphycercal caudal fin extends to dorsum

• subterminal mouth

• anguilliform

• no jaws or paired fins

>

phylum

subphylum

class

order?

>

>

phylum

subphylum

class

order?

>

!

phylum

subphylum

class

order?

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

class: Cyclostomata

order?: Petromyzontiformes [petro - rock, MyZON - aMaZON lilly, ti- ti]

• oral hood around mouth

• horny teeth on both hood & tongue

• nostril opens between eyes

• inferior mouth

• anguilliform

x

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

class: Heterostraci [hetero - different (pointy anterior), straci - elongate)]

• body shield covering head & anterior body

• hypocercal tail (1)

• compressed body

• inferior mouth (2)

• lack one paired appendages (3)

x

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

class: Anaspida [ana - back, SPIno - spines]

• small bony plates covering body (3)

• hypocercal tail (1)

• compressed body

• terminal mouth (2)

x

phylum

subphylum

class

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

class: Osteostraci [straci - elongated]

• depressed head & anterior covered by bony shield (2)

• heterocercal tail (1)

• inferior mouth (3)

x

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Placodermi

order: Antiarchi [arch]

• large pectoral fins (2)

• small ventral inferior mouth (1)

• armored anterior

x

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Placodermi

order: Arthrodira

• small pectoral fins (2)

• large terminal mouth (1)

• armored anterior

>*

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

order

>

!*

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Chondrichthyes

subclass: Holocephali

order: Chimaeriformes

• cephalic clasper* (male) (1)

• operculum

• fin spine (2)

• terminal mouth

>*

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

>

>*

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

>

!*

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Chondrichthyes

subclass: Elasmobranchii

subdivision: Selachii

order: Heterodontiformes

• dorsal fins w/ heavy spines

• anal fin (1)

• lateral gill slits

• anterior teeth pointed, posterior teeth flattened

• inferior mouth

>

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

>

>

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

>

>

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

>

>

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Chondrichthyes

subclass: Elasmobranchii

subdivision: Selachii

order: Carcharhiniformes [carchar - saw-like]

• nictating membrane

• anal fin (1)

• lateral gill slits

• spineless dorsal fin

• side teeth largest & separated from front teeth by at most a short gap

• inferior mouth

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Chondrichthyes

subclass: Elasmobranchii (no operculum (gill covering))

subdivision: Selachii

order: Lamniformes

• lack nicitating membrane

• lateral gill slits

• front teeth largest separated from side teeth by a gap or series of smaller teeth

• inferior mouth

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

superorder

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Chondrichthyes

subclass: Elasmobranchii

subdivision: Selachii

superorder: Squalomorphi

order: Squaliformes

• no anal fin

• spines anterior to dorsal fins (1)

• large spiracles

• lateral gill slits

• inferior mouth

>*

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

superorder

order

>

!*

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

superorder

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Chondrichthyes

subclass: Elasmobranchii

subdivision: Selachii

superorder: Squalomorphi

order: Squantiniformes (angel shark)

• large pectoral fins not fused to head (1) *

• depressed head & body

• lateral gill slits

• subterminal mouth

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Chondrichthyes

subclass: Elasmobranchii

subdivision: Batoidei

order: Rajifromes

• head & body fused & depressed

• large pectoral fins fused to head

• large spiracle opening dorsally

• gill slits open ventrally

• very thin tail w/ 2 small dorsal fins (2) & reduced caudal fin

• no sting

>

>

>

>

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

subdivision

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Chondrichthyes

subclass: Elasmobranchii

subdivision: Batoidei

order: Myliobatiformes

• sting (4)

• head & body fused & depressed

• large pectoral fins fused to head

• large spiracle opening dorsally

• gill slits open ventrally

• thin tail w/ 1 dorsal fin (3)

• no caudal fin or anal fin

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Sarcoterygii

infraclass: Actinistia (= Coelacanthini) (coelecanths)

• unique 3-lobed tail

• all fins lobed except 1st dorsal

• operculum

• compressed

• terminal mouth

>

>

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Sarcoterygii

infraclass

order: Lepidosirenifromes

• paired fins filamentous (3)

• diphycercal tail (2)

• anguilifrom

• terminal mouth

>

>

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

order: Acipenseriformes

• board & flattened rostrum

• few large bony scutes or scales

• heterocercal tail

• inferior mouth

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

order: Lepiososteiformes

• long tooth snout

• very heavy ganoid scales

• elongate body & jaws

• weakly heterocercal tail

• terminal mouth

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

order: Ammifromes [A me - cute]

• single elongate dorsal fin extending almost to caudal fin

• cycloid scales

• blunt snout

• weakly heterocercal tail

• terminal mouth

>

>

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Osteoglossifromes

• elongated anal flexible fin (1:1, 2:2)

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Elopiformes

• deeply forked tail (2)

• abdominal pelvic fin (1)

• large cycloid scales

• compressed body

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Anguilliformes

• lateral pectoral fins (1:3)

• elongate dorsal fin (2)

• anguilliform

• no pelvic fins

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Clupeiformes

• silvery & shiny

• unique neurocranium & caudal fin

• deeply forked tail (2)

• abdominal pelvis

• no adipose fin

>

>

>

>

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Cypriniformes

• sickle shape (crescent)

• barbels around mouth

• large dorsal fin (1:1, 3:1)

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Gymnastiformes

• anal fin extremely elongated (2)

• elongated body

• no dorsal or adipose fin

>

>

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Siluriformes

• barbels (1)

• spinous rays anterior to all fins (3)

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Salmoniformes

• adipose fin

• pectoral fins ventral

>

>

!*

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Gadiformes

• thoracic pelvic fins

• 4 dorsal fins

• 3 anal fins

• posterior dorsal & anal fin combine with caudal fin to form large caudal fin

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Myctophiformes

• photophores

• adipose fin (2)

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Lampriformes

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Mugiliformes

• 2 widely separated dorsal fins (3)

• pelvic fins inserted well posterior to lateral pectoral fins

• forked caudal fin (2)

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Atheriniformes

• 2 dorsal fins anterior one w/ soft spines

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Beloniformes

• greatly elongated jaws (needle) (2)

• dorsal fin w/ soft ray (1)

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Gasterosteiformes

• spines anterior to dorsal fin (1)

• spike-like pelvic fins (2)

• bony plates on side of body (3)

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Syngnathiformes

• tubular snout (1)

• brood pouch (males) (2)

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Batrachoidiformes

• spiny dorsal fin precedes long soft dorsal fin

• jugular pelvic fins

• broad head

• wide mouth

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Lophiiformes

• spinous anterior dorsal fin modified into a lure (1)

>

>

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Tetraodontiformes

• scales modified into spines or plates

• small mouth

• pelvic fins absent

>

>

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Gobiiformes

• pelvics united into a sucking disk (1)

• 2 dorsal fins w/ spines in anterior (3)

• scaly

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Scombriformes

• small dorsal & anal fins followed by small finlets (2)

• narrow caudal peduncle w/ 1-3 lateral keels (3)

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

family

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Carangiformes

family: Echeneidae

• spiny rays of the dorsal fin modified to form a sucking disk

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

family

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Carangiformes

family: Carangidae

• posterior dorsal & anal fins elongated but w/ short rays

• narrow caudal peduncle

• crescent shape

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Blenniiformes

• spiny dorsal fin precedes long soft dorsal fin

• jugular pelvic fins

• broad head

• wide mouth

>

>

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Labriformes

• elongated & continuous dorsal fin (3)

• appears to have lips (1)

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

family

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Perciformes

family: Centrachidae

• 2 continuous dorsal fins w/ anterior one spiny

• anal fin w/

• thoracic pelvis w/ 1 anterior spiny ray followed by 5 soft rays

• lateral pectorals

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

family

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Perciformes

family: Percidae

• dorsal fins slightly separate

• 1 spiny rays in anal fin

• thoracic pelvis w/ 1 anterior spiny ray followed by 5 soft rays

• lateral pectorals

>

>

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

family

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Scorpaeniformes

family: Scorpaenidae

• 1 or 2 opercular spines

• suborbital stray

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

family

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Scorpaeniformes

family: Serranidae

• 3 short opercular spines

• no suborbital stray

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

superclass

class

subclass

infraclass

order

family

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

superclass: Gnathostomata

class: Osteichytes

subclass: Actionpterygii

infraclass: Telostei

order: Cottiformes

family: Pomacetridae

• lateral line terminates at posterior end of dorsal fin

• very broad pectoral fins w/ stiff rays

• suborbital stray

>

>

!

phylum

subphylum

class

order

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

class: Lissamphibia

order: Gymnophiona

• extremely short tail

• elongate worm-like body

!

phylum

subphylum

class

order

family

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

class: Lissamphibia

order: Caudata

family: Sirenidae

• only family lacking hind limbs

• external gills

!

phylum

subphylum

class

order

family

phylum: Chordata

subphylum: Vertebrata

class: Lissamphibia

order: Caudata

family: Cryptgobranchidae

• fleshy folds on side of body