New Deal and WWII Overview

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts and figures from the New Deal programs and World War II.

What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) do?

Paid farmers to produce less food to raise crop prices and increase farm income.

What was the purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?

Provided jobs for young men doing conservation work like planting trees and building parks.

What did the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) aim to achieve?

Helped regulate industry by setting wages, prices, and working hours to promote recovery.

What was the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?

Created jobs building roads, bridges, schools, and public buildings.

What role did the National Recovery Administration (NRA) play?

Part of NIRA; created codes of fair competition for businesses.

What did the Rural Electrification Act (REA) accomplish?

Brought electricity to rural areas and farms.

What significant programs were initiated by the Social Security Act?

Created pensions for the elderly, unemployment insurance, and aid for disabled citizens.

What rights did the Wagner Act protect?

Workers' rights to form unions and bargain collectively.

What was the Federal Art Project?

Part of WPA; employed artists to create murals, paintings, and posters.

What was the purpose of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)?

Insured bank deposits to protect people's savings.

What is the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) known for?

Built dams to control flooding, create jobs, and provide electricity in the South.

Who was Charles Coughlin?

A radio priest who criticized FDR and the New Deal.

What was Dr. Francis Townsend's proposal?

Proposed pensions for elderly Americans to stimulate the economy.

Who was Huey Long and what did he propose?

A Senator who proposed the 'Share Our Wealth' plan and criticized FDR.

What did John Steinbeck write about?

The hardships of the Great Depression.

Who was Dorothea Lange?

A photographer who documented poverty and migrant workers during the Depression.

What role did Francis Perkins play in the government?

She was Secretary of Labor; helped create Social Security and workers' protections.

What was Marian Anderson known for?

A famous African American singer; symbol of civil rights.

Who was Mary McLeod Bethune?

A civil rights leader and advisor to FDR for African American issues.

What did John Collier do?

He was the Commissioner of Indian Affairs; helped protect Native American culture and rights.

Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)?

The President who created the New Deal to fight the Great Depression.

What did Eleanor Roosevelt advocate for?

She supported civil rights and helped struggling Americans.

What were the main causes of the Great Depression?

Stock market crash, bank failures, overproduction, and unequal wealth distribution.

What does 'The Hundred Days' refer to?

The first 100 days of FDR's presidency when many New Deal laws were passed.

What was the significance of NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel?

A Supreme Court case that upheld the Wagner Act and protected unions.

What conflict occurred between the Supreme Court and FDR?

The Court struck down some New Deal programs, causing conflict with FDR.

What was the New Deal Coalition?

Groups that supported FDR, including workers, farmers, African Americans, and immigrants.

What are labor disputes?

Conflicts between workers and employers over wages and conditions.

What was the impact of the New Deal?

Helped Americans recover, expanded federal government power, and created lasting programs.

Who was Adolf Hitler?

The dictator of Nazi Germany who started WWII in Europe and was responsible for the Holocaust.

What is Benito Mussolini known for?

Fascist dictator of Italy and an Axis power.

Who was Joseph Stalin?

Leader of the Soviet Union and an Allied leader after Germany invaded USSR.

What role did Francisco Franco play during WWII?

He was the dictator of Spain who remained neutral during the war.

Who was Winston Churchill?

Prime Minister of Great Britain and a major Allied leader.

What was Neville Chamberlain's policy?

Supported appeasement.

Who was Charles de Gaulle?

Leader of Free French forces.

What was George Patton known for?

A key U.S. general in Europe.

Who was Chester Nimitz?

U.S. Navy commander in the Pacific.

What is Erwin Rommel known as?

The 'Desert Fox,' a German general who fought in North Africa.

Who was Jimmy Doolittle?

Led the first U.S. air raid on Japan.

What is Louis Zamperini famous for?

WWII POW survivor and later an inspirational author.

Who was Bernard Montgomery?

A British general who defeated Rommel.

Who was George Marshall?

U.S. Army Chief of Staff who later created the Marshall Plan.

What was Douglas MacArthur's role in WWII?

He was a U.S. general in the Pacific famous for island hopping.

Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower?

Supreme Allied Commander who planned D-Day.

What was Harry Truman known for?

He was the U.S. President who authorized atomic bombs.

Who was Hideki Tojo?

Prime Minister of Japan during the Pearl Harbor attack.

What did A. Philip Randolph advocate for?

Desegregation of defense jobs.

Who was J. Robert Oppenheimer?

The head scientist of the Manhattan Project.

What was Elie Wiesel known for?

A Holocaust survivor and author of 'Night'.

What is Nazism?

Hitler's ideology based on extreme nationalism and racism.

What were the Neutrality Acts?

Laws designed to keep the U.S. out of war.

What does isolationism mean?

Avoiding involvement in foreign conflicts.

What is fascism?

A dictatorial system with strong nationalism.

What is a totalitarian government?

A government with total control over its citizens.

What was the Nonaggression Pact?

An agreement not to fight (Hitler-Stalin Pact).

What does Blitzkrieg refer to?

'Lightning war'; fast surprise attacks.

What was Sitzkrieg?

A 'phony war' with little fighting.

What is Normandy known for?

The site of the D-Day invasion.

What happened during the Battle of the Bulge?

It was the last major German offensive.

What is Berlin's significance in WWII?

The capital of Germany where the war ended.

What occurred in North Africa during WWII?

Allied battles against the Axis powers.

Why was Stalingrad significant?

It was a turning point against Germany.

What happened at Pearl Harbor?

A Japanese attack on the U.S.

What was the significance of Midway?

It was a major U.S. naval victory.

What occurred in the Coral Sea?

The first carrier-vs-carrier battle.

What is Iwo Jima known for?

It was a brutal Pacific battle.

What took place at Leyte Gulf?

The largest naval battle in history.

What was Spain's role during WWII?

It was a neutral country.

What is Manchuria known for in WWII?

The area of Japanese invasion.

Why was Australia significant for the Allies?

It served as an Allied base in the Pacific.

What was the Battle of Guadalcanal?

The first major U.S. land victory.

What does Dunkirk refer to?

The evacuation of Allied troops.

What occurred in Hiroshima?

The first atomic bomb was dropped there.

What happened in Nagasaki?

The second atomic bomb was dropped there.

What was Saipan's role in the Pacific theater?

A key Pacific island battle.

What did the Atlantic Charter outline?

Allied goals after the war.

What transpired at the Casablanca Conference?

Demand for unconditional surrender.

What was discussed at the Yalta Conference?

Plans for postwar Europe.

What was the Potsdam Conference known for?

Final war decisions.

What factors contributed to the Allies' victory in WWII?

Greater industrial production, larger population and resources, strong cooperation, better leadership, and strategic errors by Axis powers.

What did the Lend-Lease Act accomplish?

The U.S. supplied Allies with war materials.

What were the German Wolf Packs?

Groups of German submarines.

What is the WAC?

Women's Army Corps.

What does island hopping refer to?

A U.S. strategy to capture key Pacific islands.

What is V-E Day?

Victory in Europe.

What is V-J Day?

Victory over Japan.

What was Operation Overlord?

The D-Day invasion of Normandy.

What involved Operation Torch?

The Allied invasion of North Africa.

What was Operation Barbarossa?

Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union.

Who were the Axis Powers?

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Who were the Allied Powers?

U.S., Britain, Soviet Union, France, and China.

What is known as the Bataan Death March?

The forced march of U.S./Filipino POWs.

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

African American pilots.

What does D-Day refer to?

June 6, 1944, the Allied invasion of France.

What were the Nuremberg Trials?

Trials of Nazi leaders for war crimes.

What benefits did the GI Bill of Rights provide?

Benefits for returning soldiers.

What is CORE?

Congress of Racial Equality.

What was Korematsu v. United States?

A Supreme Court case that ruled Japanese internment was constitutional.

What is significant about the site of Normandy?

It was the site of the D-Day invasion.