OSI Model

Layer 1 - summary

Physical layer responsible for transmission of data over network media

Layer 1 hardware

Deals with hardware aspects of networking, including cables, switches, and electrical signals or light pulses that carry data

Layer 1 standards

Defines the standards for devices and media to connect and transmit raw bit rather than logical data packets

Layer 2 - Data link

Receives the packets and adds physical addressing by adding sender and receiver MAC addresses to each data packet. This information forms a unit called a frame.

Layer 3 - Network

• Addresses data packets and routes them to their address on the network

• Translates between physical address and logical

• Unit is packet

Layer 4 - Transport

provides reliable transparent transfer of data between systems.

Layer 4 - Transport (b)

ensures complete data transfer with mechanisms for error correction, flow control, and segmentation/de-segmentation of data

Layer 4 - Transport (c)

Enables seamless communication between devices by managing end-to-end message delivery in the network

Layer 5 - Session

manages the setup, maintenance, and termination of sessions between presentation layers. provides mechanisms for half duplex or full duplex

Layer 6 - presentation

responsible for translation, encryption, and compression of data between application and network formats

Layer 7 - Application

serves as the interface between the user and network services. Facilitates the end-user process and applications to access network services.