Organic molecules

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23 Terms

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Carboxylic Acid

acts as an acid, releasing H+ ions to become R—COO-

  • fatty amino acids

<p>acts as an acid, releasing H+ ions to become R—COO-</p><ul><li><p>fatty amino acids</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Amino group

Can accept or release H+, depending on pH; can form bonds with other molecules

  • amino acids

<p>Can accept or release H+, depending on pH; can form bonds with other molecules</p><ul><li><p>amino acids</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Hydroxyl group

strong bases dissociate to release hydroxide ions [OH-'], may link molecules through dehydration synthesis (condensation)

  • Carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids

<p>strong bases dissociate to release hydroxide ions [OH-'], may link molecules through dehydration synthesis (condensation) </p><ul><li><p>Carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Phosphate group

May link other molecules to form larger structures; may store energy in high-energy bonds

  • phospholipids, nucleic acids, high energy compounds

<p>May link other molecules to form larger structures; may store energy in high-energy bonds</p><ul><li><p>phospholipids, nucleic acids, high energy compounds</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Dehydration synthesis

WATER comes out as PRODUCT

<p>WATER comes out as PRODUCT</p><p></p>
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Hydrolysis

WATER is a REACTANT

<p>WATER is a REACTANT</p>
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Carbohydrates

ratio is 1(C):2(H):1(O)

  • monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides (sugars)

ENERGY SOURCE; SOME STRUCTURAL ROLE WHEN ATTACHED TO LIPIDS OR PROTEINS; ENERGY STORAGE

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Monosaccharides

Glucose - blood sugar - energy source for most cells

Galactose - converted to glucose and metabolized

Fructose - fruit sugar - converted to glucose and metabolized

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Glucose

blood sugar - energy source for most cells

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Galactose

converted to glucose and metabolized

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Fructose

fruit sugar - converted to glucose and metabolized

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Disaccharides

sucrose - cane sugar - digested to glucose and fructose

lactose - milk sugar - digested to glucose and galactose; important in infant nutrition

maltose - malt sugar - product of starch digestion, further digested to glucose

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sucrose

cane sugar - digested to glucose and fructose

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lactose

milk sugar - digested to glucose and galactose; important in infant nutrition

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maltose

malt sugar - product of starch digestion, further digested to glucose

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Polysaccharides

Cellulose - structural polysaccharide of plants; dietary fiber

starch - storage in plant cells

glycogen - energy storage in animal cells (live, muscle, brain, uterus, vagina)

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Cellulose

structural polysaccharide of plants; dietary fiber

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starch

storage in plant cells

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glycogen

energy storage in animal cells (live, muscle, brain, uterus, vagina)

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Conjugated carbohydrates

glycoprotein - component of the cell surface coat and mucus, among other role

glycolipid - component of the cell surface coat

proteoglycan - cell adhesion; lubrication; supportive filler of some tissues and organs

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glycoprotein

component of the cell surface coat and mucus, among other role

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glycolipid

component of the cell surface coat

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proteoglycan

cell adhesion; lubrication; supportive filler of some tissues and organs

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