Endocrine System Flashcards

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Flashcards for reviewing key vocabulary related to the endocrine system.

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23 Terms

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Endocrine Gland

Glands that release chemical messengers (hormones) into the bloodstream.

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Endocrine Cell

Cells that release chemical messengers (hormones) into the bloodstream.

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Hormone

Chemical messengers released by endocrine cells into the bloodstream.

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Target Cell

Cells with receptors for a particular hormone that will respond to it.

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Upregulation

Increasing receptor levels on target cells.

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Downregulation

Decreasing receptor levels on target cells.

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Permissiveness

The process of hormones regulating the receptor levels of other hormones.

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Half-life

Time required to reduce the blood concentration of a hormone by 50%.

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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates TSH and prolactin release from the anterior pituitary.

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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates ACTH release from the anterior pituitary.

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Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates GH release from the anterior pituitary.

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary.

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Prolactin-inhibitory hormone (PIH or dopamine)

Hypothalamic hormone that inhibits prolactin release from the anterior pituitary.

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Growth hormone-inhibitory hormone (GIRH, Somatostatin)

Hypothalamic hormone that inhibits GH and TSH release from the anterior pituitary.

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Oxytocin

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes movement of mammary milk into subareolar sinuses, stimulation of uterine contraction, and feelings of contentment.

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Antidiuretic Hormone

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that increases water absorption in the renal system and causes vasoconstriction.

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Thyroid Hormone (T3/T4)

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that increases metabolism, protein synthesis, and sensitivity to epinephrine/norepinephrine.

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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland that increases bone resorption and calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and intestines.

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Aldosterone

Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa) that increases Na+ resorption and renal K+ excretion.

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Glucocorticoids

Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata) that cause hyperglycemia, immunosuppression, and increased lipolysis.

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Leptin

Hormone secreted by adipose tissue that regulates body metabolism, weight, reproductive function, and inflammation.

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Glucagon

Hormone secreted by pancreatic a cells that is secreted in response to low blood glucose concentrations; mainly affects the liver to increase blood glucose levels.

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Insulin

Hormone secreted by pancreatic b cells in response to increased blood glucose; facilitates glucose entry into muscle, adipose, and other tissues.