Bible Test 4

Carthage

Would not let those who sinned back into the church

St. Cyprian

• Turned himself in and was beheaded Christian martyr and bishop of Carthage, known for his strong stance on church unity and discipline.

• Flees the city of carthage during a time of persecution, eventually returning to lead the church.

Decian Persecution

• Capture Christians were taken by the Romans to denounce Christ 

• Caused Felix to take all of the scrolls and scripture to the Romans to be burned if not they would martyr the bishops who would not do it.

Valerian Persecution

St. Cyprian was beheaded

The Unity of the Catholic Church

• St. Cyprian wrote this for the people who got captured

• You cannot have God as the Father unless you have church as Mother.

  • Schism is unjustified - Unjustified break in the church

  • Schismatic bishops cannot perform sacraments

Felix of Aptunga

• Gave all of the christian books to the romans to get burne.

• Became a schismatic bishop (imposter)

• Became bishop at the tale end of the Diocletian persecution

Caecillian

• Ordained as the successor to felix and became the bishop 

Donatus

• Donatus is the rightful bishop of carthage

Edict of Milan

• Caused by the Donatist

• Constantine was good with christians

Traditores

• Those who handed over their books

  • Example of this was Felix after he gave the scrolls over to the Romans

Diocletion

Believed if you want an empire you have to be strong and ruthless and not being a christian.

Augustine

• Fixed everything

• Catholics

  • Believe they are the true church

• Donatists

  • Follow Donatist beliefs

• Both Catholics and Donatists believe they are saint/right and the other is wrong

• But Catholics accept Donatists back into the church if they would combine back into one

Sacramental System

Demarcates everything and vital from birth to death

Ex Opere Operantis

On account of the one who works

• Need a priest who is in the right status

Ex Opere Operato

On account of the work that is done

• The work of the holy spirit is done

• Priest: Baptizes, does sacraments, marries people because it is God working through the priest

Didache

• Came about before the New Testament

• Was the teachings of the apostles

• Was the practice of the way of running a church

• Sacraments

  • Baptism and Eucharist

• Guiding Principles

  • Nothing is specified 

  • A description of practice

Augustine on the Sacraments

Sacraments

• Eucharist, Baptism, Confirmation, Ordination, Marriage, Confession, Extreme Unction, Nicene Creed, Lords Prayer etc…

Guiding Principles

• Visible Sign of invisible Grace

• Resemblance to the thing that is signified

  • Means something happened

Peter Lombard

Made college textbooks, which arrange the topics

• Sacraments

  • Eucharist, Baptism, Confirmation, Ordination, Marriage, Confession, Extreme Unction

• Guiding Principles

  • Visible sign of Invisible Grace

  • Resemblance to the thing signified

  • Authorization (Tradition or Scripture)

    • Just likes scripture and not tradition

  • Practice

    • A rule of what the sacraments are

Crimitive Baptists

• Belief in 3 sacraments 

• Believed in the washing of the feet

8 Deadly Thoughts (Not sins)

1. Gluttony

2. Lust

3. Avarice

4. Sadness(self pitty)

5. Anger

6. Accidia

7. Vainglory

8. Pride

Council of Trent

• Thomas Aquinas and Roberto Bellarmine agreed with this

• Number of Sacraments - 7

Transubstantiation (Still part of the Roman Catholic Church)

The substance of the bread and wine change to Christ’s body and blood. The perceivable properties stay as bread and wine.

Radical Reformation

• Huldrych Zwingli

• Number of Sacraments - 2 or 0

• Memorialism: Bread and wine are symbols only

• No unification between the Swiss and German Reformation 

Marburg Colloquy

Where Luther and Zwingli meet and on the last one he says no and prevents the radical reformation.

Luther Tradition

• Martin Luther 

  • Doesn’t like memorialism

• Number of Sacraments - 2

Consubstantiation

Christs body and blood is “in with and under” the substance of the bread and wine. Like heat in a piece of iron. 

John Calvin Tradition

John Calvin believed the church is the body of Christ

• Number of Elements 2

Spiritual Presence

Christ is the present in the people gathered (the church) at communion

Sacramentology

Is the theological study of the sacraments, focusing on their biblical foundation, historical development, and role as outward signs that mediate divine grace within Christian practice.

Martin Luther and John Calvin

• Council of Trent

• Luther and Calvin believed in different ways how to organize a church but believed baptism is baptism

• Baptism

  • Infants or Adults

  • For Remission of Original Sin

  • By a means of grace

Huldrych Zwingli

• Baptism

  • Believed it was a declaration that made you apart of a community

  • Not a sign of grace for Original Sin

  • Only for inclusion in the community

    • Baptism is a ceremony

The Radical Reformation

• Menno Simmons was apart of this reformation

• Baptism

  • Believed baptism does not mean you are a christian and refered it to something like a graduation

  • Rebaptism is necessary as infants have to get rebaptized as an adult

  • Only confessing adults can be baptized

Roman Catholic Tradition

• Roberto Bellarmine

  • Believed church is primarily the pope and bishops in a council together.

  • No personal relationship with Jesus on relationships with the popes and bishops who can talk with Jesus

• The Church

  • Has apostolic Succession - Spirit only enters the popes and bishops 

  • Interprets scripture - Only bishops and popes can do this 

  • Administers Church discipline - Giving penance and dates for fasting 

  • Has the power of Excommunication for those who do not full believe

Radical Reformation

Sebastian Frank

• Does not believe there is a church anymore 

• Sacraments have been abolished and none of them should be restored 

• Believes no one should be able to make a church on earth anymore

The Church

• Is truly Heaven 

• The church was scattered

• Follows scripture alone, meaning you just have to read the scriptures alone until the resurrection

Martin Luther Tradition

Martin Luther

• Only had problems with the higher up bishops and popes the normal people and believers didn’t have any problems with.

The Church

• Visible (on earth) and Invisible (in heaven) - We are apart of both

• Visible is a mixed group of sinners and saints

• Is whenever the Gospel is preached and Believed

• Apostolic Succession is doctrinal not traditional

• Includes a large part of the Roman Catholic Church 

• Considers them the true church

Under the Papacy

They tried to kill Luther

John Calvin Tradition

John Calvin

• Believed the Roman Catholics do the sacraments wrong they are not apart of the true church

The Church

• Visible (on earth) and Invisible (in heaven) - We are apart of both

• Visible is a mixed group of sinners and saints

• Is whenever the Gospel is preached and Believed

• Apostolic Succession is doctrinal, not traditional

• Does not include the Roman Catholic Church Donatist?

  • Only the priest would consume the bread and whine on eucharist

What is the one difference between Luther and Calvin

• Is when the sacraments are rightly administered